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Journal of the Optical Society of America A

Output characteristics of a stratified medium in the case of bilateral incidence of monochromatic waves

Yoshio Nishiyama

Published Nov 1, 1986• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The output characteristics of a stratified medium in the case of bilateral incidence of monochromatic light waves have been investigated. If the waves are incident in such a way as a single mode is standing in the medium, an asymmetry occurs in output intensities of both sides, even if the incident intensities are equal. For a medium with some values of the refractive and attenuation index, there can be a state in which both incident waves are completely absorbed. This is discussed in detail for the case of a Fabry–Perot cavity containing a linear optical medium.

DOI
10.1364/josaa.3.001774

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The output characteristics of a stratified medium in the case of bilateral incidence of monochromatic light waves have been investigated. If the waves are incident in such a way as a single mode is standing in the medium, an asymmetry occurs in output intensities of both sides, even if the incident intensities are equal. For a medium with some values of the refractive and attenuation index, there can be a state in which both incident waves are completely absorbed. This is discussed in detail for the case of a Fabry–Perot cavity containing a linear optical medium.
We study a Fabry-Perot system with a homogeneously broadened medium of active two-level atoms when monochromatic waves are incident on it from both sides. It is found that the ratio of output intensities at both sides depends on the relative phase between the bilateral incident waves and there are the cases when the output intensities are equal even if the bilateral inputs are different from each other. It is shown that completely absorbed states or emission states are attained for the light of special modes with proper intensity and for suitable population.
The transmission characteristics of a Fabry-Perot cavity containing a resonant absorber are described analytically and graphically for internal fields of arbitrary intensity. The multimode instability considered by Bonifacio and Lugiato [Opt. Commun. 19 , 72 (1976)] for the unidirectional ring laser is treated for the standing-wave cavity. In particular, an instability may exist when the medium is located at one of the ends of the cavity, but not if the medium fills the cavity. The results are explained in terms of induced side-mode gain and spatial hole burning.
A theoretical investigation is made of the polarization characteristics of the optical polarization and amplitude multistability of a Fabry?Perot interferometer filled with a nonlinear resonant medium. In the case of linear polarization of the incident radiation it is shown that an amplitude hysteresis differs considerably from a hysteresis predicted by a scalar theory; moreover, the degree of polarization exhibits a hysteresis. A calculation is made of the critical input intensity of elliptically polarized radiation for which the ellipticity at the output rises strongly even when it is negligible at the input.
With the exception of Chapter 1, up to this point we have considered cavityless optical systems. With this chapter, instead, we start focussing on the case that the atomic medium is located in an optical cavity. We describe in detail the case of a unidirectional ring resonator, the boundary condition which characterizes it and the relations between its output fields and the intracavity field (Sections 8.1–8.3). We discuss the transmission of an empty cavity (Section 8.4) and of a cavity that contains a linear medium (Section 8.5). Optical cavities An optical cavity or optical resonator is formed by at least two mirrors, appropriately arranged in such a way that the radiation beam follows a closed path. The beam splitters allow the radiation to escape from the cavity (output) and allow one to inject radiation into the cavity (input). In order to confine the radiation transversally with respect to the direction of propagation, the mirrors are usually spherical (see Fig. 1.2). The case of cavities with spherical mirrors will be described in Part III of this volume. On the other hand, an analytical treatment of the problems is possible only within the plane-wave approximation which we will use in the remainder of Part I and in Part II. In accord with this, we assume here that the mirrors are planar. The two most common types of optical resonator are the Fabry–Perot cavity and the ring cavity . The planar Fabry–Perot cavity consists in two beam splitters in a parallel configuration as shown in Fig. 8.1. Within the cavity there are two counterpropagating fields, E F propagating in the forward direction and E B propagating in the backward direction with respect to the input field E I . Because we have derived the Maxwell–Bloch equations for the unidirectional configuration, in this and the following chapters we focus on the case of a ring cavity, which allows unidirectionality. The Fabry–Perot case will be considered in Chapter 14.