Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Coherent transients in active optical fibers

Matthijs M. Broer, Brage Golding

Published Apr 1, 1986• 7 citations

Abstract

Optical coherent transients have been studied in Nd3+-doped silica-glass fibers. Two- and three-pulse photon echoes were generated between 0.05 and 1 K to study optical dephasing mechanisms of ions in a disordered environment. The results are explained by a spectral diffusion model, which incorporates elastic dipolar interactions between the ions and atomic tunneling systems in the glass. Various issues associated with applying optical coherent transients to active fibers are discussed.

DOI: 10.1364/josab.3.000523

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Optical decoherence and spectral diffusion in an erbium-doped silica glass fiber featuring long-lived spin sublevels

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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Coherent transients in active optical fibers

Matthijs M. Broer, Brage Golding

Published Apr 1, 1986• 7 citations

Publisher

Abstract

DOI: 10.1364/josab.3.000523

Related papers

Low-temperature optical dephasing of rare-earth ions in inorganic glasses

Matthijs M. Broer, Brage Golding, W. H. Haemmerle +2 more

A detailed description is presented of photon echo experiments in ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ -doped silica optical fibers at temperatures below 1 K. Dephasing rates ${T}_{2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ have been obtained from two-pulse echo sequences at 0.89 \ensuremath{\mu}m and are found to follow a ${T}^{1.3}$ temperature dependence. An interpretation of this result is presented which invokes the interaction of tunneling systems with the optical ions via a dipole-dipole elastic interaction. The dynamics of the interaction originates in a spectral diffusion process and three pulse stimulated echo experiments confirm this interpretation.A detailed description is presented of photon echo experiments in ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$-doped silica optical fibers at temperatures below 1 K. Dephasing rates ${T}_{2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ have been obtained from two-pulse echo sequences at 0.89 \ensuremath{\mu}m and are found to follow a ${T}^{1.3}$ temperature dependence. An interpretation of this result is presented which invokes the interaction of tunneling systems with the optical ions via a dipole-dipole elastic interaction. The dynamics of the interaction originates in a spectral diffusion process and three pulse stimulated echo experiments confirm this interpretation.

Physical review. B, Condensed matterMar 15, 198686 citations

Pulse propagation of accumulated photon echoes in Nd3+ ion-doped silicate glass fiber

Ryuzi Yano, Naoshi Uesugi

Pulse-propagation phenomena of accumulated photon echo signals was investigated for the F3/24(1)–I9/24 transition of the Nd3+ ion doped with 20 ppm concentration in silicate glass fiber (core diameter of 6 μm) at 4.2 K using an 82 MHz mode-locked dye laser. The intensity of the transmitted probe pulses from the Nd3+ fiber was measured as a function of the Nd3+ fiber length. The fiber length for the maximum probe-pulse intensity induced by the pump pulses was determined to be 4 m when the pump pulses of 0.50 mW average power and the probe pulses of 0.25 mW average power were used. We derived the pulse area equations which take into account the coherent interaction between the pulses and the Nd3+ fiber. The fiber-length dependence of the signal intensity was explained well by the pulse area equations.Pulse-propagation phenomena of accumulated photon echo signals was investigated for the F3/24(1)–I9/24 transition of the Nd3+ ion doped with 20 ppm concentration in silicate glass fiber (core diameter of 6 μm) at 4.2 K using an 82 MHz mode-locked dye laser. The intensity of the transmitted probe pulses from the Nd3+ fiber was measured as a function of the Nd3+ fiber length. The fiber length for the maximum probe-pulse intensity induced by the pump pulses was determined to be 4 m when the pump pulses of 0.50 mW average power and the probe pulses of 0.25 mW average power were used. We derived the pulse area equations which take into account the coherent interaction between the pulses and the Nd3+ fiber. The fiber-length dependence of the signal intensity was explained well by the pulse area equations.

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Optical decoherence and spectral diffusion in an erbium-doped silica glass fiber featuring long-lived spin sublevels

Lucile Veissier, Mohsen Falamarzi Askarani, Thomas Lutz +4 more

Understanding decoherence in cryogenically cooled rare-earth-ion doped glass fibers is of fundamental interest and a prerequisite for applications of these material in quantum information applications. Here we study the coherence properties in a weakly doped erbium silica glass fiber motivated by our recent observation of efficient and long-lived Zeeman sublevel storage in this material and by its potential for applications at telecommunication wavelengths. We analyze photon echo decays as well as the potential mechanisms of spectral diffusion that can be caused by coupling with dynamic disorder modes that are characteristic for glassy hosts, and by the magnetic dipole-dipole interactions between ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ ions. We also investigate the effective linewidth as a function of magnetic field, temperature, and time, and then present a model that describes these experimental observations. We highlight that the operating conditions (0.6 K and 0.05 T) at which we previously observed efficient spectral hole burning coincide with those for narrow linewidths (1 MHz)---an important property for applications that has not been reported before for a rare-earth-ion doped glass.Understanding decoherence in cryogenically cooled rare-earth-ion doped glass fibers is of fundamental interest and a prerequisite for applications of these material in quantum information applications. Here we study the coherence properties in a weakly doped erbium silica glass fiber motivated by our recent observation of efficient and long-lived Zeeman sublevel storage in this material and by its potential for applications at telecommunication wavelengths. We analyze photon echo decays as well as the potential mechanisms of spectral diffusion that can be caused by coupling with dynamic disorder modes that are characteristic for glassy hosts, and by the magnetic dipole-dipole interactions between ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ ions. We also investigate the effective linewidth as a function of magnetic field, temperature, and time, and then present a model that describes these experimental observations. We highlight that the operating conditions (0.6 K and 0.05 T) at which we previously observed efficient spectral hole burning coincide with those for narrow linewidths (1 MHz)---an important property for applications that has not been reported before for a rare-earth-ion doped glass.

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Photon Echoes below 1 K in a Nd3+ -Doped Glass Fiber

John Hegarty, Matthijs M. Broer, Brage Golding +2 more

Optical dephasing rates ${{T}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of a dilute concentration of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ ions in a pure silica fiber have been studied from 0.05 to 1.0 K with use of two-pulse photon echoes. Echoes obtained by resonant excitation of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ into the metastable $^{4}F_{\frac{3}{2}}$ state from the $^{4}I_{\frac{9}{2}}$ ground state have yielded ${{T}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}=1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at 0.1 K which follows a ${T}^{\frac{4}{3}}$ temperature dependence to 1.0 K. A crossover of ${{T}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ to a ${T}^{2}$ temperature dependence above 1 K is inferred by comparison with earlier high-temperature linewidth measurements on this transition.Optical dephasing rates ${{T}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of a dilute concentration of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ ions in a pure silica fiber have been studied from 0.05 to 1.0 K with use of two-pulse photon echoes. Echoes obtained by resonant excitation of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ into the metastable $^{4}F_{\frac{3}{2}}$ state from the $^{4}I_{\frac{9}{2}}$ ground state have yielded ${{T}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}=1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at 0.1 K which follows a ${T}^{\frac{4}{3}}$ temperature dependence to 1.0 K. A crossover of ${{T}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ to a ${T}^{2}$ temperature dependence above 1 K is inferred by comparison with earlier high-temperature linewidth measurements on this transition.

Physical Review LettersNov 28, 1983122 citations

Coherent Effects in Er-doped Fibers: Photon-Echo with Femtosecond Pulses

Yaron R. Silberberg, Valéria Loureiro da Silva, J.P. Heritage +3 more

Optical fibers have proven to be one of the most important nonlinear media, even though in most cases the nonlinearity exploited is the notoriously weak Kerr effect of the silica-based fiber. By using doped fibers, new, stronger nonlinearities are possible. These stronger effects could allow for new phenomena and applications. Coherent effects, in particular, should be important when pulses shorter or comparable to the dephasing time of the impurity ions propagate in the fiber. Here we report, for the first time, the observation of accumulated photon-echo and free induction decay during the propagation of femtosecond pulses in Er doped fibers at 4.2°K.Optical fibers have proven to be one of the most important nonlinear media, even though in most cases the nonlinearity exploited is the notoriously weak Kerr effect of the silica-based fiber. By using doped fibers, new, stronger nonlinearities are possible. These stronger effects could allow for new phenomena and applications. Coherent effects, in particular, should be important when pulses shorter or comparable to the dephasing time of the impurity ions propagate in the fiber. Here we report, for the first time, the observation of accumulated photon-echo and free induction decay during the propagation of femtosecond pulses in Er doped fibers at 4.2°K.

Nonlinear Guided Waves and Their ApplicationsJan 1, 19910 citations

Stark-level one-phonon dephasing process of Nd3+ -doped silicate glass fiber studied with accumulated photon echoes

Ryuzi Yano, Naoshi Uesugi

Measurements of the homogeneous width of the $^{4}$ ${\mathrm{G}}_{5\mathrm{/}2}$ , $^{2}$ ${\mathrm{G}}_{7\mathrm{/}2}$ ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{4}$ ${\mathrm{I}}_{9\mathrm{/}2}$ transition of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ in a silicate glass fiber at low temperatures by the technique of accumulated photon echoes show that the dephasing processes are one-phonon processes between the Stark levels of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ . These dephasing processes differ from the commonly observed processes of rare-earth ion-doped glasses: the local-configurational-change-induced dephasing process and the Raman process with low-frequency modes. The densely distributed Stark levels of the $^{4}$ ${\mathrm{G}}_{5\mathrm{/}2}$ and $^{2}$ ${\mathrm{G}}_{7\mathrm{/}2}$ states are responsible for one-phonon processes. The transition-wavelength dependences of the homogeneous widths ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{\mathrm{h}}$ (4.2 K) and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{\mathrm{h}}$ (T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0) are explained by using the one-phonon process model.Measurements of the homogeneous width of the $^{4}$ ${\mathrm{G}}_{5\mathrm{/}2}$ , $^{2}$ ${\mathrm{G}}_{7\mathrm{/}2}$ ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{4}$ ${\mathrm{I}}_{9\mathrm{/}2}$ transition of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ in a silicate glass fiber at low temperatures by the technique of accumulated photon echoes show that the dephasing processes are one-phonon processes between the Stark levels of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ . These dephasing processes differ from the commonly observed processes of rare-earth ion-doped glasses: the local-configurational-change-induced dephasing process and the Raman process with low-frequency modes. The densely distributed Stark levels of the $^{4}$ ${\mathrm{G}}_{5\mathrm{/}2}$ and $^{2}$ ${\mathrm{G}}_{7\mathrm{/}2}$ states are responsible for one-phonon processes. The transition-wavelength dependences of the homogeneous widths ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{\mathrm{h}}$ (4.2 K) and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{\mathrm{h}}$ (T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0) are explained by using the one-phonon process model.

Physical review. B, Condensed matterMar 1, 19976 citations

A detailed description is presented of photon echo experiments in

{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}

-doped silica optical fibers at temperatures below 1 K. Dephasing rates ${T}_{2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ have been obtained from two-pulse echo sequences at 0.89 \ensuremath{\mu}m and are found to follow a

{T}^{1.3}

temperature dependence. An interpretation of this result is presented which invokes the interaction of tunneling systems with the optical ions via a dipole-dipole elastic interaction. The dynamics of the interaction originates in a spectral diffusion process and three pulse stimulated echo experiments confirm this interpretation.

{\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}

ions. We also investigate the effective linewidth as a function of magnetic field, temperature, and time, and then present a model that describes these experimental observations. We highlight that the operating conditions (0.6 K and 0.05 T) at which we previously observed efficient spectral hole burning coincide with those for narrow linewidths (1 MHz)---an important property for applications that has not been reported before for a rare-earth-ion doped glass.

Optical dephasing rates ${{T}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of a dilute concentration of

{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}

ions in a pure silica fiber have been studied from 0.05 to 1.0 K with use of two-pulse photon echoes. Echoes obtained by resonant excitation of

{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}

into the metastable

^{4}F_{\frac{3}{2}}

state from the

^{4}I_{\frac{9}{2}}

ground state have yielded ${{T}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}=1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at 0.1 K which follows a

{T}^{\frac{4}{3}}

temperature dependence to 1.0 K. A crossover of ${{T}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ to a

{T}^{2}

temperature dependence above 1 K is inferred by comparison with earlier high-temperature linewidth measurements on this transition.

Measurements of the homogeneous width of the

^{4}

{\mathrm{G}}_{5\mathrm{/}2}

^{2}

{\mathrm{G}}_{7\mathrm{/}2}

${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{4}$

{\mathrm{I}}_{9\mathrm{/}2}

transition of

{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}

in a silicate glass fiber at low temperatures by the technique of accumulated photon echoes show that the dephasing processes are one-phonon processes between the Stark levels of

{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}

. These dephasing processes differ from the commonly observed processes of rare-earth ion-doped glasses: the local-configurational-change-induced dephasing process and the Raman process with low-frequency modes. The densely distributed Stark levels of the

^{4}

{\mathrm{G}}_{5\mathrm{/}2}

and

^{2}

{\mathrm{G}}_{7\mathrm{/}2}

states are responsible for one-phonon processes. The transition-wavelength dependences of the homogeneous widths ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{\mathrm{h}}$ (4.2 K) and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{\mathrm{h}}$ (T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0) are explained by using the one-phonon process model.