Applied Physics Letters

Pulse propagation of accumulated photon echoes in Nd3+ ion-doped silicate glass fiber

Ryuzi Yano, Naoshi Uesugi

Published Sep 22, 1997• 1 citation

Abstract

Pulse-propagation phenomena of accumulated photon echo signals was investigated for the F3/24(1)–I9/24 transition of the Nd3+ ion doped with 20 ppm concentration in silicate glass fiber (core diameter of 6 μm) at 4.2 K using an 82 MHz mode-locked dye laser. The intensity of the transmitted probe pulses from the Nd3+ fiber was measured as a function of the Nd3+ fiber length. The fiber length for the maximum probe-pulse intensity induced by the pump pulses was determined to be 4 m when the pump pulses of 0.50 mW average power and the probe pulses of 0.25 mW average power were used. We derived the pulse area equations which take into account the coherent interaction between the pulses and the Nd3+ fiber. The fiber-length dependence of the signal intensity was explained well by the pulse area equations.

DOI: 10.1063/1.119994

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Applied Physics Letters

Pulse propagation of accumulated photon echoes in Nd3+ ion-doped silicate glass fiber

Ryuzi Yano, Naoshi Uesugi

Published Sep 22, 1997• 1 citation

Publisher

Abstract

DOI: 10.1063/1.119994

Related papers

Accumulated photon echoes with incoherent light in Nd3+ -doped silicate glass

修治浅香, Hiroki Nakatsuka, Masahiro Fujiwara +1 more

Accumulated photon echoes were observed in ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ -doped silicate glass by using coherent and incoherent light, and it was theoretically and experimentally verified that the time resolution is determined not by the pulse width but by the correlation time of the excitation field. Even by using a cw laser, instead of a mode-locked laser, a subpicosecond time resolution was obtained when it was operated with a broad and smooth spectrum. The broadest output spectrum, and hence the highest time resolution, was attained when the dye laser was pumped by a mode-locked ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{+}$ laser, and their cavity lengths were mismatched by a few \ensuremath{\mu}m. In an experiment with a resolution time of 220 fsec, a new very fast decay was observed in the echo decay curve besides a slower decay already reported.Accumulated photon echoes were observed in ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$-doped silicate glass by using coherent and incoherent light, and it was theoretically and experimentally verified that the time resolution is determined not by the pulse width but by the correlation time of the excitation field. Even by using a cw laser, instead of a mode-locked laser, a subpicosecond time resolution was obtained when it was operated with a broad and smooth spectrum. The broadest output spectrum, and hence the highest time resolution, was attained when the dye laser was pumped by a mode-locked ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{+}$ laser, and their cavity lengths were mismatched by a few \ensuremath{\mu}m. In an experiment with a resolution time of 220 fsec, a new very fast decay was observed in the echo decay curve besides a slower decay already reported.

Physical Review AApr 1, 1984261 citations

Stark-level one-phonon dephasing process of Nd3+ -doped silicate glass fiber studied with accumulated photon echoes

Ryuzi Yano, Naoshi Uesugi

Measurements of the homogeneous width of the $^{4}$ ${\mathrm{G}}_{5\mathrm{/}2}$ , $^{2}$ ${\mathrm{G}}_{7\mathrm{/}2}$ ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{4}$ ${\mathrm{I}}_{9\mathrm{/}2}$ transition of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ in a silicate glass fiber at low temperatures by the technique of accumulated photon echoes show that the dephasing processes are one-phonon processes between the Stark levels of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ . These dephasing processes differ from the commonly observed processes of rare-earth ion-doped glasses: the local-configurational-change-induced dephasing process and the Raman process with low-frequency modes. The densely distributed Stark levels of the $^{4}$ ${\mathrm{G}}_{5\mathrm{/}2}$ and $^{2}$ ${\mathrm{G}}_{7\mathrm{/}2}$ states are responsible for one-phonon processes. The transition-wavelength dependences of the homogeneous widths ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{\mathrm{h}}$ (4.2 K) and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{\mathrm{h}}$ (T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0) are explained by using the one-phonon process model.Measurements of the homogeneous width of the $^{4}$ ${\mathrm{G}}_{5\mathrm{/}2}$ , $^{2}$ ${\mathrm{G}}_{7\mathrm{/}2}$ ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{4}$ ${\mathrm{I}}_{9\mathrm{/}2}$ transition of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ in a silicate glass fiber at low temperatures by the technique of accumulated photon echoes show that the dephasing processes are one-phonon processes between the Stark levels of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ . These dephasing processes differ from the commonly observed processes of rare-earth ion-doped glasses: the local-configurational-change-induced dephasing process and the Raman process with low-frequency modes. The densely distributed Stark levels of the $^{4}$ ${\mathrm{G}}_{5\mathrm{/}2}$ and $^{2}$ ${\mathrm{G}}_{7\mathrm{/}2}$ states are responsible for one-phonon processes. The transition-wavelength dependences of the homogeneous widths ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{\mathrm{h}}$ (4.2 K) and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{\mathrm{h}}$ (T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0) are explained by using the one-phonon process model.

Physical review. B, Condensed matterMar 1, 19976 citations

Sub-Picosecond Accumulated Photon Echoes with Incoherent Light in Nd3+-Doped Silicate Glass

Hiroki Nakatsuka, S. Asaka, Masahiro Fujiwara +1 more

Since the first observation of accumulated photon echoes by Hesslink and Wiersna [1], nearly transform-limited mode-locked pulse trains have been used as the excitation source, and the resolution times have been limited by the widths of the pulses. In this paper we show theoretically and experimentally that the time resolution of the accumulated photon echoes is determine not by the pulse width but by the correlation time of the excitation field [2]. This indicates that it is possible to obtain a sub-picosecond resolution in accumulated photon echoes Sven by using a cw laser (non-mode-locked), if the laser output has a sufficiently broad and smooth spectrum.Since the first observation of accumulated photon echoes by Hesslink and Wiersna [1], nearly transform-limited mode-locked pulse trains have been used as the excitation source, and the resolution times have been limited by the widths of the pulses. In this paper we show theoretically and experimentally that the time resolution of the accumulated photon echoes is determine not by the pulse width but by the correlation time of the excitation field [2]. This indicates that it is possible to obtain a sub-picosecond resolution in accumulated photon echoes Sven by using a cw laser (non-mode-locked), if the laser output has a sufficiently broad and smooth spectrum.

International Conference on Ultrafast PhenomenaJan 1, 19840 citations

Photon Echoes below 1 K in a Nd3+ -Doped Glass Fiber

John Hegarty, Matthijs M. Broer, Brage Golding +2 more

Optical dephasing rates ${{T}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of a dilute concentration of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ ions in a pure silica fiber have been studied from 0.05 to 1.0 K with use of two-pulse photon echoes. Echoes obtained by resonant excitation of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ into the metastable $^{4}F_{\frac{3}{2}}$ state from the $^{4}I_{\frac{9}{2}}$ ground state have yielded ${{T}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}=1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at 0.1 K which follows a ${T}^{\frac{4}{3}}$ temperature dependence to 1.0 K. A crossover of ${{T}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ to a ${T}^{2}$ temperature dependence above 1 K is inferred by comparison with earlier high-temperature linewidth measurements on this transition.Optical dephasing rates ${{T}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of a dilute concentration of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ ions in a pure silica fiber have been studied from 0.05 to 1.0 K with use of two-pulse photon echoes. Echoes obtained by resonant excitation of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ into the metastable $^{4}F_{\frac{3}{2}}$ state from the $^{4}I_{\frac{9}{2}}$ ground state have yielded ${{T}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}=1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at 0.1 K which follows a ${T}^{\frac{4}{3}}$ temperature dependence to 1.0 K. A crossover of ${{T}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ to a ${T}^{2}$ temperature dependence above 1 K is inferred by comparison with earlier high-temperature linewidth measurements on this transition.

Physical Review LettersNov 28, 1983122 citations

Coherent π-pulse propagation with pulse breakup in an erbium-doped fiber waveguide amplifier

Masataka Nakazawa, Kazunori Suzuki, Yasuo N. Kimura +1 more

Coherent \ensuremath{\pi}-pulse propagation with pulse breakup has been observed in an erbium-doped fiber waveguide amplifier. The waveguide was pumped by a 1.48-\ensuremath{\mu}m ${\mathrm{In}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$ ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{\mathit{x}}$ ${\mathrm{As}}_{\mathit{y}}$ ${\mathrm{P}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{y}}$ laser diode. The waveguide had an erbium ion concentration of 8900 ppm and was cooled to 4.2 K. The pulse source was a 1.53-\ensuremath{\mu}m mode-locked Er-doped glass laser with a pulse width of 400 ps. A pulse advance of approximately 130 ps was observed between a low-intensity transmitted pulse with a low pump power and an amplified \ensuremath{\pi} pulse in a 1.5-m-long fiber.Coherent \ensuremath{\pi}-pulse propagation with pulse breakup has been observed in an erbium-doped fiber waveguide amplifier. The waveguide was pumped by a 1.48-\ensuremath{\mu}m ${\mathrm{In}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{As}}_{\mathit{y}}$${\mathrm{P}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{y}}$ laser diode. The waveguide had an erbium ion concentration of 8900 ppm and was cooled to 4.2 K. The pulse source was a 1.53-\ensuremath{\mu}m mode-locked Er-doped glass laser with a pulse width of 400 ps. A pulse advance of approximately 130 ps was observed between a low-intensity transmitted pulse with a low pump power and an amplified \ensuremath{\pi} pulse in a 1.5-m-long fiber.

Physical Review AMar 1, 199253 citations

A Comparison of Spectral Holeburning in Fluoride and Silicate Glasses Doped With Nd3+

B. Jacquier, R. M. Macfarlane

Persistent spectral holeburning is known to occur in rare-earth doped silica-based glasses,1-3 where the mechanism is attributed to light induced changes in the coupling of tunnelling systems (TLS) which are characteristic of the amorphous state. A number of hole parameters such as lifetime, saturation depth and temperature dependence of the width, can provide important information on the density of states and dynamics of the TLS. We present the first data on spectral holeburning in a rare-earth doped heavy metal fluoride glass (HMF, Rennes) and compare with data obtained on a silicate glass (ED-2, Owens-Illinois). For this study we have chosen the well known 4I9/2 ← → 4F3/2 transition of the Nd3+ ion whose absorption peaks around 870nm (HMF) and 880nm (ED-2). Previous holeburning and photon echo measurements have been reported on the 4I9/2 ← → 4G5/2 transition of the Nd3+ of bulk ED-2 glass4 and on the 4I9/2 ← → 4F3/2 transition of the Nd3' transition of a pure silica fiber.3,5Persistent spectral holeburning is known to occur in rare-earth doped silica-based glasses,1-3 where the mechanism is attributed to light induced changes in the coupling of tunnelling systems (TLS) which are characteristic of the amorphous state. A number of hole parameters such as lifetime, saturation depth and temperature dependence of the width, can provide important information on the density of states and dynamics of the TLS. We present the first data on spectral holeburning in a rare-earth doped heavy metal fluoride glass (HMF, Rennes) and compare with data obtained on a silicate glass (ED-2, Owens-Illinois). For this study we have chosen the well known 4I9/2 ← → 4F3/2 transition of the Nd3+ ion whose absorption peaks around 870nm (HMF) and 880nm (ED-2). Previous holeburning and photon echo measurements have been reported on the 4I9/2 ← → 4G5/2 transition of the Nd3+ of bulk ED-2 glass4 and on the 4I9/2 ← → 4F3/2 transition of the Nd3' transition of a pure silica fiber.3,5

Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and ApplicationsJan 1, 19920 citations

Accumulated photon echoes were observed in

{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}

-doped silicate glass by using coherent and incoherent light, and it was theoretically and experimentally verified that the time resolution is determined not by the pulse width but by the correlation time of the excitation field. Even by using a cw laser, instead of a mode-locked laser, a subpicosecond time resolution was obtained when it was operated with a broad and smooth spectrum. The broadest output spectrum, and hence the highest time resolution, was attained when the dye laser was pumped by a mode-locked

{\mathrm{Ar}}^{+}

laser, and their cavity lengths were mismatched by a few \ensuremath{\mu}m. In an experiment with a resolution time of 220 fsec, a new very fast decay was observed in the echo decay curve besides a slower decay already reported.

Measurements of the homogeneous width of the

^{4}

{\mathrm{G}}_{5\mathrm{/}2}

^{2}

{\mathrm{G}}_{7\mathrm{/}2}

${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{4}$

{\mathrm{I}}_{9\mathrm{/}2}

transition of

{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}

in a silicate glass fiber at low temperatures by the technique of accumulated photon echoes show that the dephasing processes are one-phonon processes between the Stark levels of

{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}

. These dephasing processes differ from the commonly observed processes of rare-earth ion-doped glasses: the local-configurational-change-induced dephasing process and the Raman process with low-frequency modes. The densely distributed Stark levels of the

^{4}

{\mathrm{G}}_{5\mathrm{/}2}

and

^{2}

{\mathrm{G}}_{7\mathrm{/}2}

states are responsible for one-phonon processes. The transition-wavelength dependences of the homogeneous widths ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{\mathrm{h}}$ (4.2 K) and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{\mathrm{h}}$ (T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0) are explained by using the one-phonon process model.

Optical dephasing rates ${{T}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of a dilute concentration of

{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}

ions in a pure silica fiber have been studied from 0.05 to 1.0 K with use of two-pulse photon echoes. Echoes obtained by resonant excitation of

{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}

into the metastable

^{4}F_{\frac{3}{2}}

state from the

^{4}I_{\frac{9}{2}}

ground state have yielded ${{T}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}=1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at 0.1 K which follows a

{T}^{\frac{4}{3}}

temperature dependence to 1.0 K. A crossover of ${{T}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ to a

{T}^{2}

temperature dependence above 1 K is inferred by comparison with earlier high-temperature linewidth measurements on this transition.

{\mathrm{Ga}}_{\mathit{x}}

{\mathrm{As}}_{\mathit{y}}

${\mathrm{P}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{y}}$ laser diode. The waveguide had an erbium ion concentration of 8900 ppm and was cooled to 4.2 K. The pulse source was a 1.53-\ensuremath{\mu}m mode-locked Er-doped glass laser with a pulse width of 400 ps. A pulse advance of approximately 130 ps was observed between a low-intensity transmitted pulse with a low pump power and an amplified \ensuremath{\pi} pulse in a 1.5-m-long fiber.