International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena

Sub-Picosecond Accumulated Photon Echoes with Incoherent Light in Nd3+-Doped Silicate Glass

Hiroki Nakatsuka, S. Asaka, Masahiro Fujiwara, Masaya Matsuoka

Published Jan 1, 1984• 0 citations

Abstract

Since the first observation of accumulated photon echoes by Hesslink and Wiersna [1], nearly transform-limited mode-locked pulse trains have been used as the excitation source, and the resolution times have been limited by the widths of the pulses. In this paper we show theoretically and experimentally that the time resolution of the accumulated photon echoes is determine not by the pulse width but by the correlation time of the excitation field [2]. This indicates that it is possible to obtain a sub-picosecond resolution in accumulated photon echoes Sven by using a cw laser (non-mode-locked), if the laser output has a sufficiently broad and smooth spectrum.

DOI: 10.1364/up.1984.fc5

Related papers

Accumulated photon echoes with incoherent light in Nd3+ -doped silicate glass

修治浅香, Hiroki Nakatsuka, Masahiro Fujiwara +1 more

Physical Review AApr 1, 1984261 citations

Subpicosecond Accumulated Photon Echo with Incoherent Light

修治浅香, Hiroki Nakatsuka, Masahiro Fujiwara +1 more

An analytic theory and experimental studies of the accumulated photon echo is presented. We define a temporal correlation function $\tilde{G}$ of the excitation field E ( t ) as $\tilde{G}(\tau,t)=(1/T_{1})\int_{0}^{\infty}\mathrm{d}t'E(t-t')E(t-t'-\tau)\cdot\exp(-t'/T_{1})$, where T 1 is the population relaxation time of the sample, and call the width of $\tilde{G}$ with respect to τ a temporal correlation time $\tilde{\tau}_{\text{c}}(t)$. It is proved that the echo intensity is written by the temporal correlation functions when (1) T 1 and the duration of the excitation light τ p are much longer than $\tilde{\tau}_{\text{c}}(t)$ in order to make the function $\tilde{G}((\tau,t)$ well-defined, (2) T 1 and τ p are much longer than the homogeneous dephasing time T 2 , and (3) one can find a time interval Δ t such that $\tilde{G}(\tau,t)$ does not change much between t and t + Δ t , where $\varDelta t{\gg}\tilde{\tau}_{\text{c}}$. Then we can show that the time resolution of the accumulated photon echo is determined by the averaged $\tilde{\tau}_{\text{c}}(t)$ over an interval of the integration of the echo signal. This discussion is valid for any excitation source if the above conditions are satisfied, and applies to almost all cases of the practical accumulated photon echo experiment. A discussion is also made on the spurious spike on the echo decay curve near zero delay time that appeared in an experiment with a high time resolution in Nd 3+ -doped silicate glass. It is shown that the most probable cause for this spike is uncorrelated inhomogeneous broadenings of the resonant lines of neodymium ions.

Journal of the Physical Society of JapanJun 15, 198715 citations

Fast Sampling of Atomic Velocities by Incoherent Light Stimulated Photon Echoes

M. Defour, J. Keller, J.-L. Le Gouët

International Conference on Ultrafast PhenomenaJan 1, 19860 citations

Accumulated photon echoes by using a nonlaser light source

Hiroki Nakatsuka, Akihito Wakamiya, Kazi Monowar Abedin +1 more

Optics LettersMay 15, 199315 citations

Accumulated photon echoes as a probe of radiationless relaxation processes in Nd-doped glasses

Keith W. Ver Steeg, Roger J. Reeves, Richard C. Powell

Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and ApplicationsJan 1, 19910 citations

High-Frequency Heterodyned Detection of Picosecond Accumulated Photon Echoes

S. Saikan, Atsushi Fujiwara, Takashi Kushida +1 more

Highly sensitive detection of accumulated photon echoes was achieved by means of a high-frequency heterodyned method using a mode-locked CW dye laser. Experimental results on the modulation frequency dependence of the echo signal strength and also the excitation wavelength dependence of the echo decay curves in Nd:silicate glass are presented.

Japanese Journal of Applied PhysicsJun 1, 198714 citations

International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena

Sub-Picosecond Accumulated Photon Echoes with Incoherent Light in Nd3+-Doped Silicate Glass

Hiroki Nakatsuka, S. Asaka, Masahiro Fujiwara, Masaya Matsuoka

Published Jan 1, 1984• 0 citations

Publisher

Abstract

DOI: 10.1364/up.1984.fc5

Related papers

Accumulated photon echoes with incoherent light in Nd3+ -doped silicate glass

修治浅香, Hiroki Nakatsuka, Masahiro Fujiwara +1 more

Accumulated photon echoes were observed in ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ -doped silicate glass by using coherent and incoherent light, and it was theoretically and experimentally verified that the time resolution is determined not by the pulse width but by the correlation time of the excitation field. Even by using a cw laser, instead of a mode-locked laser, a subpicosecond time resolution was obtained when it was operated with a broad and smooth spectrum. The broadest output spectrum, and hence the highest time resolution, was attained when the dye laser was pumped by a mode-locked ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{+}$ laser, and their cavity lengths were mismatched by a few \ensuremath{\mu}m. In an experiment with a resolution time of 220 fsec, a new very fast decay was observed in the echo decay curve besides a slower decay already reported.Accumulated photon echoes were observed in ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$-doped silicate glass by using coherent and incoherent light, and it was theoretically and experimentally verified that the time resolution is determined not by the pulse width but by the correlation time of the excitation field. Even by using a cw laser, instead of a mode-locked laser, a subpicosecond time resolution was obtained when it was operated with a broad and smooth spectrum. The broadest output spectrum, and hence the highest time resolution, was attained when the dye laser was pumped by a mode-locked ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{+}$ laser, and their cavity lengths were mismatched by a few \ensuremath{\mu}m. In an experiment with a resolution time of 220 fsec, a new very fast decay was observed in the echo decay curve besides a slower decay already reported.

Physical Review AApr 1, 1984261 citations

Subpicosecond Accumulated Photon Echo with Incoherent Light

修治浅香, Hiroki Nakatsuka, Masahiro Fujiwara +1 more

An analytic theory and experimental studies of the accumulated photon echo is presented. We define a temporal correlation function $\tilde{G}$ of the excitation field E ( t ) as $\tilde{G}(\tau,t)=(1/T_{1})\int_{0}^{\infty}\mathrm{d}t'E(t-t')E(t-t'-\tau)\cdot\exp(-t'/T_{1})$ , where T 1 is the population relaxation time of the sample, and call the width of $\tilde{G}$ with respect to τ a temporal correlation time $\tilde{\tau}_{\text{c}}(t)$ . It is proved that the echo intensity is written by the temporal correlation functions when (1) T 1 and the duration of the excitation light τ p are much longer than $\tilde{\tau}_{\text{c}}(t)$ in order to make the function $\tilde{G}((\tau,t)$ well-defined, (2) T 1 and τ p are much longer than the homogeneous dephasing time T 2 , and (3) one can find a time interval Δ t such that $\tilde{G}(\tau,t)$ does not change much between t and t + Δ t , where $\varDelta t{\gg}\tilde{\tau}_{\text{c}}$ . Then we can show that the time resolution of the accumulated photon echo is determined by the averaged $\tilde{\tau}_{\text{c}}(t)$ over an interval of the integration of the echo signal. This discussion is valid for any excitation source if the above conditions are satisfied, and applies to almost all cases of the practical accumulated photon echo experiment. A discussion is also made on the spurious spike on the echo decay curve near zero delay time that appeared in an experiment with a high time resolution in Nd 3+ -doped silicate glass. It is shown that the most probable cause for this spike is uncorrelated inhomogeneous broadenings of the resonant lines of neodymium ions.An analytic theory and experimental studies of the accumulated photon echo is presented. We define a temporal correlation function $\tilde{G}$ of the excitation field E ( t ) as $\tilde{G}(\tau,t)=(1/T_{1})\int_{0}^{\infty}\mathrm{d}t'E(t-t')E(t-t'-\tau)\cdot\exp(-t'/T_{1})$, where T 1 is the population relaxation time of the sample, and call the width of $\tilde{G}$ with respect to τ a temporal correlation time $\tilde{\tau}_{\text{c}}(t)$. It is proved that the echo intensity is written by the temporal correlation functions when (1) T 1 and the duration of the excitation light τ p are much longer than $\tilde{\tau}_{\text{c}}(t)$ in order to make the function $\tilde{G}((\tau,t)$ well-defined, (2) T 1 and τ p are much longer than the homogeneous dephasing time T 2 , and (3) one can find a time interval Δ t such that $\tilde{G}(\tau,t)$ does not change much between t and t + Δ t , where $\varDelta t{\gg}\tilde{\tau}_{\text{c}}$. Then we can show that the time resolution of the accumulated photon echo is determined by the averaged $\tilde{\tau}_{\text{c}}(t)$ over an interval of the integration of the echo signal. This discussion is valid for any excitation source if the above conditions are satisfied, and applies to almost all cases of the practical accumulated photon echo experiment. A discussion is also made on the spurious spike on the echo decay curve near zero delay time that appeared in an experiment with a high time resolution in Nd 3+ -doped silicate glass. It is shown that the most probable cause for this spike is uncorrelated inhomogeneous broadenings of the resonant lines of neodymium ions.

Journal of the Physical Society of JapanJun 15, 198715 citations

Fast Sampling of Atomic Velocities by Incoherent Light Stimulated Photon Echoes

M. Defour, J. Keller, J.-L. Le Gouët

It has been recently pointed out that incoherent light can be used to generate coherent optical transients and that there are decided advantages in using such broad-band non-laser source to achieve very high time resolution {1,2}. When a light pulse and its time-delayed replica interact with a sample to produce the non-linear optical response, the ultimate time resolution should identify with the correlation time τC of the light field rather than with the pulse duration τL. The situation where τC ≪ τL is easily obtained with broad-band incoherent light sources. Time resolution in the femtosecond range is then attainable using nanosecond light pulses. This has been recently demonstrated through the observation of the relaxation of photon echoes in Nd3+-doped silicate glass {1,2}. In these cases, attention is focused on the measurement of fast homogeneous decay rates and the inhomogeneous broadening ΩD is assumed to be much larger than the spectral width of the excitation light.It has been recently pointed out that incoherent light can be used to generate coherent optical transients and that there are decided advantages in using such broad-band non-laser source to achieve very high time resolution {1,2}. When a light pulse and its time-delayed replica interact with a sample to produce the non-linear optical response, the ultimate time resolution should identify with the correlation time τC of the light field rather than with the pulse duration τL. The situation where τC ≪ τL is easily obtained with broad-band incoherent light sources. Time resolution in the femtosecond range is then attainable using nanosecond light pulses. This has been recently demonstrated through the observation of the relaxation of photon echoes in Nd3+-doped silicate glass {1,2}. In these cases, attention is focused on the measurement of fast homogeneous decay rates and the inhomogeneous broadening ΩD is assumed to be much larger than the spectral width of the excitation light.

International Conference on Ultrafast PhenomenaJan 1, 19860 citations

Accumulated photon echoes by using a nonlaser light source

Hiroki Nakatsuka, Akihito Wakamiya, Kazi Monowar Abedin +1 more

Accumulated photon echoes have been observed by use of a light-emitting diode. This is to our knowledge the first observation of photon echoes that are excited by a nonlaser light source. In the incoherent-light photon echo, the time resolution is equal to the inverse of the overall spectral width of the excitation light. Therefore we can easily get a high time resolution by using nonlaser light with a broad spectrum. Moreover the use of nonlaser light in the photon-echo experiment will extend the technique into wavelength regions where lasers are not currently available.Accumulated photon echoes have been observed by use of a light-emitting diode. This is to our knowledge the first observation of photon echoes that are excited by a nonlaser light source. In the incoherent-light photon echo, the time resolution is equal to the inverse of the overall spectral width of the excitation light. Therefore we can easily get a high time resolution by using nonlaser light with a broad spectrum. Moreover the use of nonlaser light in the photon-echo experiment will extend the technique into wavelength regions where lasers are not currently available.

Optics LettersMay 15, 199315 citations

Accumulated photon echoes as a probe of radiationless relaxation processes in Nd-doped glasses

Keith W. Ver Steeg, Roger J. Reeves, Richard C. Powell

Accumulated photon echoes (APE) were used to measure the dephasing rates of Nd3+ in various inorganic glasses as a function of excitation wavelength, sample temperature, and laser power. Although dephasing processes of optical transitions in solids are of considerable interest, they are poorly understood, largely due to the lack of experimental data on femtosecond and picosecond time scales. The APE technique using sub-picosecond laser sources has made it possible to measure in the time domain dephasing rates of inhomogeneously broadened transitions in amorphous systems.1,2Accumulated photon echoes (APE) were used to measure the dephasing rates of Nd3+ in various inorganic glasses as a function of excitation wavelength, sample temperature, and laser power. Although dephasing processes of optical transitions in solids are of considerable interest, they are poorly understood, largely due to the lack of experimental data on femtosecond and picosecond time scales. The APE technique using sub-picosecond laser sources has made it possible to measure in the time domain dephasing rates of inhomogeneously broadened transitions in amorphous systems.1,2

Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and ApplicationsJan 1, 19910 citations

High-Frequency Heterodyned Detection of Picosecond Accumulated Photon Echoes

S. Saikan, Atsushi Fujiwara, Takashi Kushida +1 more

Japanese Journal of Applied PhysicsJun 1, 198714 citations

Accumulated photon echoes were observed in

{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}

-doped silicate glass by using coherent and incoherent light, and it was theoretically and experimentally verified that the time resolution is determined not by the pulse width but by the correlation time of the excitation field. Even by using a cw laser, instead of a mode-locked laser, a subpicosecond time resolution was obtained when it was operated with a broad and smooth spectrum. The broadest output spectrum, and hence the highest time resolution, was attained when the dye laser was pumped by a mode-locked

{\mathrm{Ar}}^{+}

laser, and their cavity lengths were mismatched by a few \ensuremath{\mu}m. In an experiment with a resolution time of 220 fsec, a new very fast decay was observed in the echo decay curve besides a slower decay already reported.

An analytic theory and experimental studies of the accumulated photon echo is presented. We define a temporal correlation function

\tilde{G}

of the excitation field E ( t ) as

\tilde{G}(\tau,t)=(1/T_{1})\int_{0}^{\infty}\mathrm{d}t'E(t-t')E(t-t'-\tau)\cdot\exp(-t'/T_{1})

, where T 1 is the population relaxation time of the sample, and call the width of

\tilde{G}

with respect to τ a temporal correlation time

\tilde{\tau}_{\text{c}}(t)

. It is proved that the echo intensity is written by the temporal correlation functions when (1) T 1 and the duration of the excitation light τ p are much longer than

\tilde{\tau}_{\text{c}}(t)

in order to make the function

\tilde{G}((\tau,t)

well-defined, (2) T 1 and τ p are much longer than the homogeneous dephasing time T 2 , and (3) one can find a time interval Δ t such that

\tilde{G}(\tau,t)

does not change much between t and t + Δ t , where

\varDelta t{\gg}\tilde{\tau}_{\text{c}}

. Then we can show that the time resolution of the accumulated photon echo is determined by the averaged

\tilde{\tau}_{\text{c}}(t)

over an interval of the integration of the echo signal. This discussion is valid for any excitation source if the above conditions are satisfied, and applies to almost all cases of the practical accumulated photon echo experiment. A discussion is also made on the spurious spike on the echo decay curve near zero delay time that appeared in an experiment with a high time resolution in Nd 3+ -doped silicate glass. It is shown that the most probable cause for this spike is uncorrelated inhomogeneous broadenings of the resonant lines of neodymium ions.