Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Low-temperature optical dephasing of rare-earth ions in inorganic glasses

Matthijs M. Broer, Brage Golding, W. H. Haemmerle, J. R. Simpson, David L. Huber

Published Mar 15, 1986• 86 citations

Abstract

A detailed description is presented of photon echo experiments in ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$-doped silica optical fibers at temperatures below 1 K. Dephasing rates ${T}_{2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ have been obtained from two-pulse echo sequences at 0.89 \ensuremath{\mu}m and are found to follow a ${T}^{1.3}$ temperature dependence. An interpretation of this result is presented which invokes the interaction of tunneling systems with the optical ions via a dipole-dipole elastic interaction. The dynamics of the interaction originates in a spectral diffusion process and three pulse stimulated echo experiments confirm this interpretation.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.33.4160

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Low-Temperature Optical Dephasing of Rare-Earth Ions in Glass

David L. Huber, Matthijs M. Broer, Brage Golding

Physical Review LettersJun 18, 1984166 citations

Coherent transients in active optical fibers

Matthijs M. Broer, Brage Golding

Optical coherent transients have been studied in Nd3+-doped silica-glass fibers. Two- and three-pulse photon echoes were generated between 0.05 and 1 K to study optical dephasing mechanisms of ions in a disordered environment. The results are explained by a spectral diffusion model, which incorporates elastic dipolar interactions between the ions and atomic tunneling systems in the glass. Various issues associated with applying optical coherent transients to active fibers are discussed.

Journal of the Optical Society of America BApr 1, 19867 citations

Photon Echoes below 1 K in a Nd3+ -Doped Glass Fiber

John Hegarty, Matthijs M. Broer, Brage Golding +2 more

Physical Review LettersNov 28, 1983122 citations

Photon-echo attenuation in rare-earth-ion-doped crystals

Stefan B. Altner, G. Zumofen, Urs P. Wild +1 more

Physical review. B, Condensed matterDec 15, 199622 citations

Low Temperature Optical Dephasing of Rare Earth Ions by Tunneling Systems in Glass

Matthijs M. Broer

International Conference on Luminescence - 1984Jan 1, 19841 citation

Optical decoherence and spectral diffusion in an erbium-doped silica glass fiber featuring long-lived spin sublevels

Lucile Veissier, Mohsen Falamarzi Askarani, Thomas Lutz +4 more

arXiv:1609.07406Physical review. B./Physical review. BNov 21, 201625 citations

Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Low-temperature optical dephasing of rare-earth ions in inorganic glasses

Matthijs M. Broer, Brage Golding, W. H. Haemmerle, J. R. Simpson, David L. Huber

Published Mar 15, 1986• 86 citations

Publisher

Abstract

A detailed description is presented of photon echo experiments in

{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}

-doped silica optical fibers at temperatures below 1 K. Dephasing rates

{T}_{2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}

have been obtained from two-pulse echo sequences at 0.89 \ensuremath{\mu}m and are found to follow a

{T}^{1.3}

temperature dependence. An interpretation of this result is presented which invokes the interaction of tunneling systems with the optical ions via a dipole-dipole elastic interaction. The dynamics of the interaction originates in a spectral diffusion process and three pulse stimulated echo experiments confirm this interpretation.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.33.4160

Related papers

Low-Temperature Optical Dephasing of Rare-Earth Ions in Glass

David L. Huber, Matthijs M. Broer, Brage Golding

A theoretical description of the temperature-dependent dephasing rate of rare-earth ions in glass is given for temperatures $T<1$ K. The model invokes elastic dipole-dipole interactions between the rare-earth ions and atomic tunneling systems. The calculation explains features of a recent photon-echo experiment on Si ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ : ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ , namely, the magnitude and ${T}^{1.3}$ dependence of the dephasing rate.A theoretical description of the temperature-dependent dephasing rate of rare-earth ions in glass is given for temperatures $T<1$ K. The model invokes elastic dipole-dipole interactions between the rare-earth ions and atomic tunneling systems. The calculation explains features of a recent photon-echo experiment on Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$:${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$, namely, the magnitude and ${T}^{1.3}$ dependence of the dephasing rate.

Physical Review LettersJun 18, 1984166 citations

Coherent transients in active optical fibers

Matthijs M. Broer, Brage Golding

Journal of the Optical Society of America BApr 1, 19867 citations

Photon Echoes below 1 K in a Nd3+ -Doped Glass Fiber

John Hegarty, Matthijs M. Broer, Brage Golding +2 more

Optical dephasing rates ${{T}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of a dilute concentration of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ ions in a pure silica fiber have been studied from 0.05 to 1.0 K with use of two-pulse photon echoes. Echoes obtained by resonant excitation of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ into the metastable $^{4}F_{\frac{3}{2}}$ state from the $^{4}I_{\frac{9}{2}}$ ground state have yielded ${{T}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}=1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at 0.1 K which follows a ${T}^{\frac{4}{3}}$ temperature dependence to 1.0 K. A crossover of ${{T}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ to a ${T}^{2}$ temperature dependence above 1 K is inferred by comparison with earlier high-temperature linewidth measurements on this transition.Optical dephasing rates ${{T}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of a dilute concentration of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ ions in a pure silica fiber have been studied from 0.05 to 1.0 K with use of two-pulse photon echoes. Echoes obtained by resonant excitation of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ into the metastable $^{4}F_{\frac{3}{2}}$ state from the $^{4}I_{\frac{9}{2}}$ ground state have yielded ${{T}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}=1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at 0.1 K which follows a ${T}^{\frac{4}{3}}$ temperature dependence to 1.0 K. A crossover of ${{T}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ to a ${T}^{2}$ temperature dependence above 1 K is inferred by comparison with earlier high-temperature linewidth measurements on this transition.

Physical Review LettersNov 28, 1983122 citations

Photon-echo attenuation in rare-earth-ion-doped crystals

Stefan B. Altner, G. Zumofen, Urs P. Wild +1 more

We study the optical properties of rare-earth-ion-doped inorganic crystals with an emphasis on the dependence of two-pulse photon echoes on the excitation density in the system. The experimental investigations concentrate on ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ : ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ : ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}$ codoped ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}$ Si ${\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ and YAl ${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ crystals at low temperatures. With two pulses of one laser the echo is induced in one ion species and with a third, "scrambler" pulse of a second laser another species is excited. These scrambler excitations lead to a dephasing and thus to an echo attenuation which depends on the strength, frequency, and time of the scrambler pulse. The spectral sensitivity of the echo attenuation is used for a spectroscopic technique: "photon-echo attenuation spectroscopy." As a function of the delay time ${t}_{s}$ between the scrambler pulse and the onset of the two-pulse echo sequence the attenuation shows a very specific behavior dictated by the excitation-induced frequency shifts (EFS's). For ${t}_{s}$ between the two echo-inducing pulses the echo intensity is partially regained by the "dephasing-rephasing balancing" of the reversible EFS's. For the theoretical description a stochastic model is introduced and the dephasing by excitation-induced lattice vibrations and by EFS's are analyzed in detail. The present results are discussed in the light of previous experimental and theoretical investigations.We study the optical properties of rare-earth-ion-doped inorganic crystals with an emphasis on the dependence of two-pulse photon echoes on the excitation density in the system. The experimental investigations concentrate on ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$:${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$:${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}$ codoped ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}$Si${\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ and YAl${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ crystals at low temperatures. With two pulses of one laser the echo is induced in one ion species and with a third, "scrambler" pulse of a second laser another species is excited. These scrambler excitations lead to a dephasing and thus to an echo attenuation which depends on the strength, frequency, and time of the scrambler pulse. The spectral sensitivity of the echo attenuation is used for a spectroscopic technique: "photon-echo attenuation spectroscopy." As a function of the delay time ${t}_{s}$ between the scrambler pulse and the onset of the two-pulse echo sequence the attenuation shows a very specific behavior dictated by the excitation-induced frequency shifts (EFS's). For ${t}_{s}$ between the two echo-inducing pulses the echo intensity is partially regained by the "dephasing-rephasing balancing" of the reversible EFS's. For the theoretical description a stochastic model is introduced and the dephasing by excitation-induced lattice vibrations and by EFS's are analyzed in detail. The present results are discussed in the light of previous experimental and theoretical investigations.

Physical review. B, Condensed matterDec 15, 199622 citations

Low Temperature Optical Dephasing of Rare Earth Ions by Tunneling Systems in Glass

Matthijs M. Broer

Optical dephasing of paramagnetic ions and molecules in organic and inorganic amorphous solids at low temperatures (≲100K) is characterized by unusual temperature dependences and enhanced relaxation rates compared to crystalline systems1. For a large variety of impurity-host combinations the dephasing rate has been found to follow a Tm temperature dependence with m approximately 2. Several theories have attempted to explain this behavior by assuming interactions between the optical center, phonons, and atomic tunneling systems. However, the role of the intrinsic disorder in optical dephasing in these systems is not clearly understood.Optical dephasing of paramagnetic ions and molecules in organic and inorganic amorphous solids at low temperatures (≲100K) is characterized by unusual temperature dependences and enhanced relaxation rates compared to crystalline systems1. For a large variety of impurity-host combinations the dephasing rate has been found to follow a Tm temperature dependence with m approximately 2. Several theories have attempted to explain this behavior by assuming interactions between the optical center, phonons, and atomic tunneling systems. However, the role of the intrinsic disorder in optical dephasing in these systems is not clearly understood.

International Conference on Luminescence - 1984Jan 1, 19841 citation

Optical decoherence and spectral diffusion in an erbium-doped silica glass fiber featuring long-lived spin sublevels

Lucile Veissier, Mohsen Falamarzi Askarani, Thomas Lutz +4 more

Understanding decoherence in cryogenically cooled rare-earth-ion doped glass fibers is of fundamental interest and a prerequisite for applications of these material in quantum information applications. Here we study the coherence properties in a weakly doped erbium silica glass fiber motivated by our recent observation of efficient and long-lived Zeeman sublevel storage in this material and by its potential for applications at telecommunication wavelengths. We analyze photon echo decays as well as the potential mechanisms of spectral diffusion that can be caused by coupling with dynamic disorder modes that are characteristic for glassy hosts, and by the magnetic dipole-dipole interactions between ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ ions. We also investigate the effective linewidth as a function of magnetic field, temperature, and time, and then present a model that describes these experimental observations. We highlight that the operating conditions (0.6 K and 0.05 T) at which we previously observed efficient spectral hole burning coincide with those for narrow linewidths (1 MHz)---an important property for applications that has not been reported before for a rare-earth-ion doped glass.Understanding decoherence in cryogenically cooled rare-earth-ion doped glass fibers is of fundamental interest and a prerequisite for applications of these material in quantum information applications. Here we study the coherence properties in a weakly doped erbium silica glass fiber motivated by our recent observation of efficient and long-lived Zeeman sublevel storage in this material and by its potential for applications at telecommunication wavelengths. We analyze photon echo decays as well as the potential mechanisms of spectral diffusion that can be caused by coupling with dynamic disorder modes that are characteristic for glassy hosts, and by the magnetic dipole-dipole interactions between ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ ions. We also investigate the effective linewidth as a function of magnetic field, temperature, and time, and then present a model that describes these experimental observations. We highlight that the operating conditions (0.6 K and 0.05 T) at which we previously observed efficient spectral hole burning coincide with those for narrow linewidths (1 MHz)---an important property for applications that has not been reported before for a rare-earth-ion doped glass.

arXiv:1609.07406Physical review. B./Physical review. BNov 21, 201625 citations

A detailed description is presented of photon echo experiments in

{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}

-doped silica optical fibers at temperatures below 1 K. Dephasing rates

{T}_{2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}

have been obtained from two-pulse echo sequences at 0.89 \ensuremath{\mu}m and are found to follow a

{T}^{1.3}

A theoretical description of the temperature-dependent dephasing rate of rare-earth ions in glass is given for temperatures

T<1

K. The model invokes elastic dipole-dipole interactions between the rare-earth ions and atomic tunneling systems. The calculation explains features of a recent photon-echo experiment on Si

{\mathrm{O}}_{2}

{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}

, namely, the magnitude and

{T}^{1.3}

dependence of the dephasing rate.

Optical dephasing rates ${{T}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of a dilute concentration of

{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}

ions in a pure silica fiber have been studied from 0.05 to 1.0 K with use of two-pulse photon echoes. Echoes obtained by resonant excitation of

{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}

into the metastable

^{4}F_{\frac{3}{2}}

state from the

^{4}I_{\frac{9}{2}}

ground state have yielded ${{T}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}=1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at 0.1 K which follows a

{T}^{\frac{4}{3}}

temperature dependence to 1.0 K. A crossover of ${{T}_{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ to a

{T}^{2}

temperature dependence above 1 K is inferred by comparison with earlier high-temperature linewidth measurements on this transition.

{\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}

{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}

{\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}

codoped

{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}

{\mathrm{O}}_{5}

and YAl

{\mathrm{O}}_{3}

crystals at low temperatures. With two pulses of one laser the echo is induced in one ion species and with a third, "scrambler" pulse of a second laser another species is excited. These scrambler excitations lead to a dephasing and thus to an echo attenuation which depends on the strength, frequency, and time of the scrambler pulse. The spectral sensitivity of the echo attenuation is used for a spectroscopic technique: "photon-echo attenuation spectroscopy." As a function of the delay time

{t}_{s}

between the scrambler pulse and the onset of the two-pulse echo sequence the attenuation shows a very specific behavior dictated by the excitation-induced frequency shifts (EFS's). For

{t}_{s}

between the two echo-inducing pulses the echo intensity is partially regained by the "dephasing-rephasing balancing" of the reversible EFS's. For the theoretical description a stochastic model is introduced and the dephasing by excitation-induced lattice vibrations and by EFS's are analyzed in detail. The present results are discussed in the light of previous experimental and theoretical investigations.

{\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}

ions. We also investigate the effective linewidth as a function of magnetic field, temperature, and time, and then present a model that describes these experimental observations. We highlight that the operating conditions (0.6 K and 0.05 T) at which we previously observed efficient spectral hole burning coincide with those for narrow linewidths (1 MHz)---an important property for applications that has not been reported before for a rare-earth-ion doped glass.