Physical Review A

Efficient generation of a narrow-bandwidth and frequency-modulated beam pair from Yb atoms in a ladder configuration

Minsoo Song, Tai Hyun Yoon

Published Mar 14, 2011• 10 citations

Abstract

We report on the generation of narrow-bandwidth and frequency-modulated cascaded emission of two photons from a collimated Yb atomic beam. Efficient population transfer from the ground state ($6{s}^{2}$ ${}^{1}{S}_{0}$) to upper state ($6s7s$ ${}^{1}{S}_{0}$), of which direct transition at 291.1 nm is dipole forbidden, is achieved through a resonant two-photon excitation enhanced by the electromagnetically induced transparency mediated by the intermediate state ($6s6p$ ${}^{1}{P}_{1}$). Then cascaded emission of two photons with a bandwidth of 54 MHz at 611.3 nm (idler) and 555.8 nm (signal) occurs in sequence from the upper state via the spin triplet state ($6{s}^{2}$ ${}^{3}{P}_{1}$). Numerical calculations of the density matrix equations taking into account the residual Doppler effect and strong driving fields successfully explain the experimental results for the idler and signal beam intensities depending on the various parameters of the driving fields. Synchronized optical switching and frequency-modulation characteristics of the idler and signal beams are also reported.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.83.033814

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Cascaded two-photon spectroscopy of Yb atoms with a transportable effusive atomic beam apparatus

Minsoo Song, Tai Hyun Yoon

Review of Scientific InstrumentsFeb 1, 20130 citations

Laser-induced birefringence in a wavelength-mismatched cascade system of inhomogeneously broadened Yb atoms

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Towards a two-photon E1-M1 clock transition excitation in ^{174}Yb for quantum clock interferometry

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Mar 11, 20250 citations

Doppler-free saturation of the cascade fluorescence that follows excitation of the $5s \to 6p $ transition in atomic rubidium

J.E. Navarro-Navarrete, A. Díaz-Calderón, L M Hoyos-Campo +4 more

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Spectral analysis for cascade-emission-based quantum communication in atomic ensembles

H. H. Jen

arXiv:1403.2579Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical PhysicsAug 6, 201213 citations

Velocity-selective double resonance in Doppler-broadened rubidium vapor

Nataša Vujičić, Ticijana Ban, Gordana Kregar +2 more

Physical Review AJan 31, 201314 citations

Physical Review A

Efficient generation of a narrow-bandwidth and frequency-modulated beam pair from Yb atoms in a ladder configuration

Minsoo Song, Tai Hyun Yoon

Published Mar 14, 2011• 10 citations

Publisher

Abstract

We report on the generation of narrow-bandwidth and frequency-modulated cascaded emission of two photons from a collimated Yb atomic beam. Efficient population transfer from the ground state (

6{s}^{2}

{}^{1}{S}_{0}

) to upper state (

6s7s

{}^{1}{S}_{0}

), of which direct transition at 291.1 nm is dipole forbidden, is achieved through a resonant two-photon excitation enhanced by the electromagnetically induced transparency mediated by the intermediate state (

6s6p

{}^{1}{P}_{1}

). Then cascaded emission of two photons with a bandwidth of 54 MHz at 611.3 nm (idler) and 555.8 nm (signal) occurs in sequence from the upper state via the spin triplet state (

6{s}^{2}

{}^{3}{P}_{1}

). Numerical calculations of the density matrix equations taking into account the residual Doppler effect and strong driving fields successfully explain the experimental results for the idler and signal beam intensities depending on the various parameters of the driving fields. Synchronized optical switching and frequency-modulation characteristics of the idler and signal beams are also reported.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.83.033814

Related papers

Cascaded two-photon spectroscopy of Yb atoms with a transportable effusive atomic beam apparatus

Minsoo Song, Tai Hyun Yoon

We present a transportable effusive atomic beam apparatus for cascaded two-photon spectroscopy of the dipole-forbidden transition (6s(2)(1)S0↔ 6s7s (1)S0) of Yb atoms. An ohmic-heating effusive oven is designed to have a reservoir volume of 1.6 cm(3) and a high degree of atomic beam collimation angle of 30 mrad. The new atomic beam apparatus allows us to detect the spontaneously cascaded two-photons from the 6s7s(1)S0 state via the intercombination 6s6p(3)P1 state with a high signal-to-noise ratio even at the temperature of 340 °C. This is made possible in our apparatus because of the enhanced atomic beam flux and superior detection solid angle.We present a transportable effusive atomic beam apparatus for cascaded two-photon spectroscopy of the dipole-forbidden transition (6s(2)(1)S0↔ 6s7s (1)S0) of Yb atoms. An ohmic-heating effusive oven is designed to have a reservoir volume of 1.6 cm(3) and a high degree of atomic beam collimation angle of 30 mrad. The new atomic beam apparatus allows us to detect the spontaneously cascaded two-photons from the 6s7s(1)S0 state via the intercombination 6s6p(3)P1 state with a high signal-to-noise ratio even at the temperature of 340 °C. This is made possible in our apparatus because of the enhanced atomic beam flux and superior detection solid angle.

Review of Scientific InstrumentsFeb 1, 20130 citations

Laser-induced birefringence in a wavelength-mismatched cascade system of inhomogeneously broadened Yb atoms

Tai Hyun Yoon, Chang Yong Park, Sung Jong Park

We report the observation of laser-induced birefringence (LIB) in a wavelength-mismatched cascade system ($J=0\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}J=1\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}J=0$ transitions) of inhomogeneously broadened ytterbium atoms with strong pump and probe fields. We investigate the transmission spectrum of two circular polarization (${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{p}^{+}$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{p}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) components of strong probe field at fixed frequency, depending on the detuning of a circularly polarized $({\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{c}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ coupling field from two-photon resonance. We find that the ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{p}^{+}$ $({\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{p}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ polarized component exhibits a narrow electromagnetically induced absorption (transparency) spectrum. Numerical solutions of density matrix equations show qualitative agreement with experimental results. A Doppler-free dispersive LIB signal is obtained by detecting the Stokes parameter of the probe field, enabling us to stabilize the frequency of the coupling laser without frequency modulation.We report the observation of laser-induced birefringence (LIB) in a wavelength-mismatched cascade system ($J=0\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}J=1\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}J=0$ transitions) of inhomogeneously broadened ytterbium atoms with strong pump and probe fields. We investigate the transmission spectrum of two circular polarization (${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{p}^{+}$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{p}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) components of strong probe field at fixed frequency, depending on the detuning of a circularly polarized $({\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{c}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ coupling field from two-photon resonance. We find that the ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{p}^{+}$ $({\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{p}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ polarized component exhibits a narrow electromagnetically induced absorption (transparency) spectrum. Numerical solutions of density matrix equations show qualitative agreement with experimental results. A Doppler-free dispersive LIB signal is obtained by detecting the Stokes parameter of the probe field, enabling us to stabilize the frequency of the coupling laser without frequency modulation.

arXiv:physics/0411028Physical Review ADec 14, 200446 citations

Towards a two-photon E1-M1 clock transition excitation in ^{174}Yb for quantum clock interferometry

Montero Sanchez, Mario Antonio, Lezeik, Ali, Koester, Dominik +4 more

Atom interferometry experiments measuring gravitational redshift require access to long-lived internal states, such as the 1S0-3P0 optical transition in group II atoms. An E1-M1 two-photon excitation directly access the clock state from the ground state by coupling to a far detuned intermediate state through a pair of electric and magnetic dipole allowed transitions [1]. This avoids state mixing, enhancing the excited state’s lifetime. Moreover, using counter-propagating photons with degenerate frequencies eliminates first-order Doppler effects. We report the progress of our experimental setup to drive the clock transition. We prepare an ultra-cold atomic ensemble of 174Yb through a dual-stage magneto-optical trap sequence, followed by evaporative cooling in a crossed optical dipole trap [2]. To excite the transition, we utilize a high power (10 W), narrow-linewidth l1156 nm laser system referenced to a high-finesse cavity and a frequency comb. We discuss further applications of the two-photon Doppler-free excitation as a beam splliting method for quantum clock interferometry experiments. [1]PRA 90, 012523 (2014). [2]J.Phys.B 54, 035302 (2021)Atom interferometry experiments measuring gravitational redshift require access to long-lived internal states, such as the 1S0-3P0 optical transition in group II atoms. An E1-M1 two-photon excitation directly access the clock state from the ground state by coupling to a far detuned intermediate state through a pair of electric and magnetic dipole allowed transitions [1]. This avoids state mixing, enhancing the excited state’s lifetime. Moreover, using counter-propagating photons with degenerate frequencies eliminates first-order Doppler effects. We report the progress of our experimental setup to drive the clock transition. We prepare an ultra-cold atomic ensemble of 174Yb through a dual-stage magneto-optical trap sequence, followed by evaporative cooling in a crossed optical dipole trap [2]. To excite the transition, we utilize a high power (10 W), narrow-linewidth l1156 nm laser system referenced to a high-finesse cavity and a frequency comb. We discuss further applications of the two-photon Doppler-free excitation as a beam splliting method for quantum clock interferometry experiments. [1]PRA 90, 012523 (2014). [2]J.Phys.B 54, 035302 (2021)

Mar 11, 20250 citations

Doppler-free saturation of the cascade fluorescence that follows excitation of the $5s \to 6p $ transition in atomic rubidium

J.E. Navarro-Navarrete, A. Díaz-Calderón, L M Hoyos-Campo +4 more

We present an experimental scheme that produces Doppler-free spectra of the $5s \to 6p $ second resonance transition in atomic rubidium. The experiment uses the saturation of the cascade fluorescence that occurs when thermal rubidium atoms interact with two counterpropagating $420 $ nm laser beams of comparable intensity. Part of the excited atomic population goes through the $5p_{3/2}$ level which then decays by emission of $780$ nm photons. Narrow dips appear in this otherwise broad $780$ nm fluorescence, which allows resolution of the $6p_{3/2}$ hyperfine structure. A rate equation model is used to interpret the spectra. It is also shown that these narrow peaks can be used to lock the frequency of the $420 $ nm laser. Using a second beam modulated in frequency produces three sets of spectra with known frequency spacings that can be used to perform an all-optical measurement of the hyperfine splittings of the $6p_{3/2} $ manifold in rubidium.We present an experimental scheme that produces Doppler-free spectra of the $5s \to 6p $ second resonance transition in atomic rubidium. The experiment uses the saturation of the cascade fluorescence that occurs when thermal rubidium atoms interact with two counterpropagating $420 $ nm laser beams of comparable intensity. Part of the excited atomic population goes through the $5p_{3/2}$ level which then decays by emission of $780$ nm photons. Narrow dips appear in this otherwise broad $780$ nm fluorescence, which allows resolution of the $6p_{3/2}$ hyperfine structure. A rate equation model is used to interpret the spectra. It is also shown that these narrow peaks can be used to lock the frequency of the $420 $ nm laser. Using a second beam modulated in frequency produces three sets of spectra with known frequency spacings that can be used to perform an all-optical measurement of the hyperfine splittings of the $6p_{3/2} $ manifold in rubidium.

arXiv:1906.07114Jun 17, 20192 citations

Spectral analysis for cascade-emission-based quantum communication in atomic ensembles

H. H. Jen

The ladder configuration of atomic levels provides a source for telecom photons (signal) from the upper atomic transition. For rubidium and caesium atoms, the signal field has the range around 1.3–1.5 μm that can be coupled to an optical fibre and transmitted to a remote location. Cascade emission may result in pairs of photons, the signal entangled with the subsequently emitted infrared photon (idler) from the lower atomic transition. This correlated two-photon source is potentially useful in the DLCZ (Duan–Lukin–Cirac–Zoller) protocol for the quantum repeater. We implement the cascade emission to construct a modified DLCZ quantum repeater and investigate the role of the time-frequency entanglement in the protocol. The dependence of the protocol on the resolving and non-resolving photon-number detectors is also studied. We find that the frequency entanglement deteriorates the performance but the harmful effect can be diminished by using shorter pump pulses to generate the cascade emission. An optimal cascade-emission-based DLCZ scheme is realized by applying a pure two-photon source in addition to using detectors of perfect quantum efficiency.The ladder configuration of atomic levels provides a source for telecom photons (signal) from the upper atomic transition. For rubidium and caesium atoms, the signal field has the range around 1.3–1.5 μm that can be coupled to an optical fibre and transmitted to a remote location. Cascade emission may result in pairs of photons, the signal entangled with the subsequently emitted infrared photon (idler) from the lower atomic transition. This correlated two-photon source is potentially useful in the DLCZ (Duan–Lukin–Cirac–Zoller) protocol for the quantum repeater. We implement the cascade emission to construct a modified DLCZ quantum repeater and investigate the role of the time-frequency entanglement in the protocol. The dependence of the protocol on the resolving and non-resolving photon-number detectors is also studied. We find that the frequency entanglement deteriorates the performance but the harmful effect can be diminished by using shorter pump pulses to generate the cascade emission. An optimal cascade-emission-based DLCZ scheme is realized by applying a pure two-photon source in addition to using detectors of perfect quantum efficiency.

arXiv:1403.2579Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical PhysicsAug 6, 201213 citations

Velocity-selective double resonance in Doppler-broadened rubidium vapor

Nataša Vujičić, Ticijana Ban, Gordana Kregar +2 more

We study resonantly enhanced cascaded two-photon transitions in Doppler-broadened rubidium vapor, induced by an optical frequency comb. Cascaded two-step excitation of atoms from the ground state 5 $S$ ${}_{1/2}$ to the final 5 $D$ ${}_{5/2}$ state via an intermediate 5 $P$ ${}_{3/2}$ state as well as the influence of the frequency comb repetition rate on the two-photon fluorescence signal have been investigated. It is shown that the careful choice of ${f}_{R}$ leads to enhancement of the two-photon signal with considerable increase of the final $5{D}_{5/2}$ -state population due to velocity-selective double resonance. Since the double-resonance condition for two different rubidium isotopes is fulfilled for different ${f}_{R}$ , the possibility of isotope-selective two-photon excitation is explored. The dependence of the two-photon signal on external magnetic field values and different repetition rates of the optical frequency comb is also investigated.We study resonantly enhanced cascaded two-photon transitions in Doppler-broadened rubidium vapor, induced by an optical frequency comb. Cascaded two-step excitation of atoms from the ground state 5$S$${}_{1/2}$ to the final 5$D$${}_{5/2}$ state via an intermediate 5$P$${}_{3/2}$ state as well as the influence of the frequency comb repetition rate on the two-photon fluorescence signal have been investigated. It is shown that the careful choice of ${f}_{R}$ leads to enhancement of the two-photon signal with considerable increase of the final $5{D}_{5/2}$-state population due to velocity-selective double resonance. Since the double-resonance condition for two different rubidium isotopes is fulfilled for different ${f}_{R}$, the possibility of isotope-selective two-photon excitation is explored. The dependence of the two-photon signal on external magnetic field values and different repetition rates of the optical frequency comb is also investigated.

Physical Review AJan 31, 201314 citations

We report on the generation of narrow-bandwidth and frequency-modulated cascaded emission of two photons from a collimated Yb atomic beam. Efficient population transfer from the ground state (

6{s}^{2}

{}^{1}{S}_{0}

) to upper state (

6s7s

{}^{1}{S}_{0}

6s6p

{}^{1}{P}_{1}

). Then cascaded emission of two photons with a bandwidth of 54 MHz at 611.3 nm (idler) and 555.8 nm (signal) occurs in sequence from the upper state via the spin triplet state (

6{s}^{2}

{}^{3}{P}_{1}

5p_{3/2}

level which then decays by emission of

780

nm photons. Narrow dips appear in this otherwise broad

780

nm fluorescence, which allows resolution of the

6p_{3/2}

hyperfine structure. A rate equation model is used to interpret the spectra. It is also shown that these narrow peaks can be used to lock the frequency of the $420 $ nm laser. Using a second beam modulated in frequency produces three sets of spectra with known frequency spacings that can be used to perform an all-optical measurement of the hyperfine splittings of the $6p_{3/2} $ manifold in rubidium.

We study resonantly enhanced cascaded two-photon transitions in Doppler-broadened rubidium vapor, induced by an optical frequency comb. Cascaded two-step excitation of atoms from the ground state 5

S

{}_{1/2}

to the final 5

D

{}_{5/2}

state via an intermediate 5

P

{}_{3/2}

state as well as the influence of the frequency comb repetition rate on the two-photon fluorescence signal have been investigated. It is shown that the careful choice of

{f}_{R}

leads to enhancement of the two-photon signal with considerable increase of the final

5{D}_{5/2}

-state population due to velocity-selective double resonance. Since the double-resonance condition for two different rubidium isotopes is fulfilled for different

{f}_{R}

, the possibility of isotope-selective two-photon excitation is explored. The dependence of the two-photon signal on external magnetic field values and different repetition rates of the optical frequency comb is also investigated.