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arXiv:physics/0411028 · Physical Review A

Laser-induced birefringence in a wavelength-mismatched cascade system of inhomogeneously broadened Yb atoms

Tai Hyun Yoon, Chang Yong Park, Sung Jong Park

Published Dec 14, 2004• 46 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We report the observation of laser-induced birefringence (LIB) in a wavelength-mismatched cascade system ($J=0\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}J=1\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}J=0$ transitions) of inhomogeneously broadened ytterbium atoms with strong pump and probe fields. We investigate the transmission spectrum of two circular polarization (${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{p}^{+}$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{p}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) components of strong probe field at fixed frequency, depending on the detuning of a circularly polarized $({\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{c}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ coupling field from two-photon resonance. We find that the ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{p}^{+}$ $({\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{p}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ polarized component exhibits a narrow electromagnetically induced absorption (transparency) spectrum. Numerical solutions of density matrix equations show qualitative agreement with experimental results. A Doppler-free dispersive LIB signal is obtained by detecting the Stokes parameter of the probe field, enabling us to stabilize the frequency of the coupling laser without frequency modulation.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.70.061803

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We report the observation of laser-induced birefringence (LIB) in a wavelength-mismatched cascade system (J=0\ensuremath↔J=1\ensuremath↔J=0J=0\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}J=1\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}J=0J=0\ensuremath↔J=1\ensuremath↔J=0 transitions) of inhomogeneously broadened ytterbium atoms with strong pump and probe fields. We investigate the transmission spectrum of two circular polarization (\ensuremathσp+{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{p}^{+}\ensuremathσp+​ and \ensuremathσp\ensuremath−{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{p}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremathσp\ensuremath−​) components of strong probe field at fixed frequency, depending on the detuning of a circularly polarized (\ensuremathσc\ensuremath−)({\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{c}^{\ensuremath{-}})(\ensuremathσc\ensuremath−​) coupling field from two-photon resonance. We find that the \ensuremathσp+{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{p}^{+}\ensuremathσp+​ (\ensuremathσp\ensuremath−)({\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{p}^{\ensuremath{-}})(\ensuremathσp\ensuremath−​) polarized component exhibits a narrow electromagnetically induced absorption (transparency) spectrum. Numerical solutions of density matrix equations show qualitative agreement with experimental results. A Doppler-free dispersive LIB signal is obtained by detecting the Stokes parameter of the probe field, enabling us to stabilize the frequency of the coupling laser without frequency modulation.
We report electromagnetically induced gain in a highly degenerate two-level rotational vibrational molecular system. Using two photon (Raman-type) interaction with right and left circularly polarized pump and probe waves, the Zeeman coherence is established within the manifold of degenerate sublevels belonging to a rotational vibrational eigenstate. We analytically and numerically calculate the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility for a Doppler-broadened molecular transition for an arbitrary high rotational angular momentum $(J\ensuremath{\ge}20)$. It is shown that for a QQQ-type open transition, a weak probe will experience an electromagnetically induced gain in presence of a strong copropagating pump wave. The inversionless gain originates due to cancellation of absorption from the interference of the coupled $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$- and V-type excitation channels in an NNN-type configuration. A detailed analysis of the optical susceptibility as a function of Doppler detuning explains how the gain bands are generated in a narrow transparency window from the overlapping contributions of different velocity groups. It is shown that the orientation dependent coherent interaction in presence of a strong pump induces narrow resonances for the probe susceptibility. The locations, intensity, and sign (positive or negative susceptibility) of these resonances are decided by the frequency detuning of the Doppler group and the strength of the coupling field. The availability of high power tunable quantum cascade lasers covering a spectral region from about 4 to $12\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$ opens up the possibility of investigating the molecular vibrational rotational transitions for a variety of coherent effects.
We study electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of a probe field in a four-level Y-type atomic system driven by two strong laser (coupling) fields. Both homogeneously (radiative) and Doppler broadened systems are considered. The effect of residual Doppler broadening on EIT is demonstrated for various wave-vector mismatches occurring when the frequency of coupling fields is equal (kc{k}_{c}kc​ === kp{k}_{p}kp​), higher (kc>kp{k}_{c}>{k}_{p}kc​>kp​), or lesser (kc<kp{k}_{c}<{k}_{p}kc​<kp​) than that of the probe field frequency. Contrary to usual belief it is found that for the kc>kp{k}_{c}>{k}_{p}kc​>kp​ wave-vector mismatch case, the probe absorption profile displays very wide and almost complete single or double EIT windows whose width, depth, and location depend upon the wave-vector mismatch, Rabi frequencies, and atom field detuning of the coupling fields. Analytical results are also obtained to explain these interesting features.
Recently it was predicted, and shown experimentally, that a cw coherently induced transparency feature could be observed in a Doppler-broadened cascade medium even when the probe and coupling fields had a wavelength mismatch of several hundred nanometers.1 This observation is significant since it removes the requirement for finding wavelength-matched systems to carry out cw atomic coherence experiments within an inhomogeneously broadened medium.2,3 The explanation of this transparency lies with the fact that both E.I.T. and Autler-Townes splitting4 are velocity group dependent. Each velocity group experiences its own Doppler-shift and hence detuning from the probe and coupling field transitions. Therefore, there exists a variation in the frequency position of maximum E.I.T. and of the Autler-Townes split components for each velocity groups. It is the integration of both of these effects over all of the velocity groups that produces the overall probe absorption.
We study both theoretically and experimentally three-photon electromagnetically induced transparency and electromagnetically induced absorption resonances in inhomogeneously broadened 85 Rb atomic vapour driven by probe and drive laser radiations. We observe narrow Doppler-free absorption as well as transmission resonances for the probe field when the driving laser field is redshifted from the D1 or D2 lines of 85Rb; the frequency difference between the drive and probe fields is equal to the hyperfine splitting of the ground state of the atoms, and the probe field is tuned to the centre of the Doppler broadened atomic transition. We theoretically study the spectroscopic effect in both homogeneously and inhomogeneously broadened media. Our numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results.
We present a theoretical study of the effects of mismatching wavelengths for the coupling and probe fields in Doppler-broadened media for the three basic energy level configurations commonly used to realize electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Three wavelength regimes are considered: mismatched wavelengths for which the coupling frequency is greater than the probe frequency, matched wavelengths for which the coupling and probe frequencies are equal, and mismatched wavelengths for which the probe frequency is greater than the coupling frequency. The transparency that may be induced in these regimes is compared for the cascade-, \ensuremath{\Lambda}-, and Vee-type systems. We show that in the first mismatched regime $({\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{c}<{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{p})$ EIT is possible in all schemes and is in fact stronger than in the matched case. It is also demonstrated that for the second mismatched regime $({\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{c}>{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{p})$ EIT can be realized most readily in the Vee-type configuration in the presence of Doppler broadening. These predictions are explained by considering the absorption as a function of both the probe field detuning and the atomic velocity.
Abstract We develop an analytical approach on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a Doppler broadened medium consisting of five-level cascade systems excited by a strong coupling and weak probe laser fields. In a weak field limit of the probe light, EIT spectrum is interpreted as functions of controllable parameters of the coupling light and temperature of the medium. The theoretical interpretation of EIT spectrum is applied to the case of 85 Rb atoms and compared with available experimental observation. Such an analytical interpretation provides quantitative parameters to control properties of the Doppler broadened EIT medium, and it is useful to find related applications.