Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physical Review A

Velocity-selective double resonance in Doppler-broadened rubidium vapor

Nataša Vujičić, Ticijana Ban, Gordana Kregar, Damir Aumiler, Goran Pichler

Published Jan 31, 2013• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study resonantly enhanced cascaded two-photon transitions in Doppler-broadened rubidium vapor, induced by an optical frequency comb. Cascaded two-step excitation of atoms from the ground state 5$S$${}_{1/2}$ to the final 5$D$${}_{5/2}$ state via an intermediate 5$P$${}_{3/2}$ state as well as the influence of the frequency comb repetition rate on the two-photon fluorescence signal have been investigated. It is shown that the careful choice of ${f}_{R}$ leads to enhancement of the two-photon signal with considerable increase of the final $5{D}_{5/2}$-state population due to velocity-selective double resonance. Since the double-resonance condition for two different rubidium isotopes is fulfilled for different ${f}_{R}$, the possibility of isotope-selective two-photon excitation is explored. The dependence of the two-photon signal on external magnetic field values and different repetition rates of the optical frequency comb is also investigated.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.87.013438

Related papers

Velocity-selective direct frequency-comb spectroscopy of atomic vapors

J. E. Stalnaker, S. L. Chen, Michael Rowan +4 more

We present an experimental and theoretical investigation of two-photon direct frequency-comb spectroscopy performed through velocity-selective excitation. In particular, we explore the effect of repetition rate on the $5{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{D}_{3/2,5/2}$ two-photon transitions excited in a rubidium atomic vapor cell. The transitions occur via stepwise excitation through the $5{P}_{1/2,3/2}$ states by use of the direct output of an optical frequency comb. Experiments were performed with two different frequency combs, one with a repetition rate of $\ensuremath{\approx}925$ MHz and one with a repetition rate of $\ensuremath{\approx}250$ MHz. The experimental spectra are compared to each other and to a theoretical model.

arXiv:1206.0999•Physical Review A•Sep 24, 2012•14 citations

Two-photon transitions driven by a combination of diode and femtosecond lasers

Marco Polo Moreno de Souza, Giovana Trevisan Nogueira, D. Felinto +1 more

We report on the combined action of a cw diode laser and a train of ultrashort pulses when each of them drives one step of the 5S-5P-5D two-photon transition in rubidium vapor. The fluorescence from the 6P(3/2) state is detected for a fixed repetition rate of the femtosecond laser while the cw-laser frequency is scanned over the rubidium D(2) lines. This scheme allows for a velocity selective spectroscopy in a large spectral range including the 5D(3/2) and 5D(5/2) states. The results are well described in a simplified frequency domain picture, considering the interaction of each velocity group with the cw laser and a single mode of the frequency comb.

arXiv:1207.3998•Optics Letters•Oct 15, 2012•8 citations

Sub-Doppler two-photon absorption induced by the combination of a single-mode laser and a frequency comb

Marco Polo Moreno de Souza, Giovana Trevisan Nogueira, D. Felinto +1 more

The two-photon transition $5S\ensuremath{-}5P\ensuremath{-}5D$ in rubidium vapor is investigated by detecting the fluorescence from the $6{P}_{3/2}$ state when the atomic system is excited by the combined action of a cw diode laser and a frequency comb. The cw laser plays a role as a velocity-selective filter and allows for sub-Doppler spectroscopy over a large spectral range including the $5{D}_{3/2}$ and $5{D}_{5/2}$ states. For a counterpropagating beam configuration, the response of each atomic velocity group is well characterized within the Doppler profile and the excited hyperfine levels are clearly resolved. The contribution of the optical pumping to the direct two-photon process is also revealed. The results are well described in a frequency domain picture by considering the interaction of each velocity group with the cw laser and the modes of the frequency comb.

arXiv:1706.03237•Physical Review A•Aug 31, 2017•3 citations

Two-Photon Frequency Comb Excitation of Rubidium Atoms in External Magnetic Field

N. Vujičić, Ticijana Ban, Hrvoje Skenderović +4 more

In the present experiment the 5S‐5D two‐photon transitions in 85Rb and 87Rb atoms as a result of the interaction of the femtosecond frequency comb with atomic levels of both rubidium isotopes are investigated. The main problem in studying of two‐photon transitions is in optimization of the excitation efficiency of the desired state. There are two general cases: those transition with an intermediate resonance those in which the pulse spectrum is far detuned from an intermediate resonance. In order to investigate the dependence of the two‐photon fluorescence signal as a result of interaction of the frequency comb with perturbed energy‐level pattern an external magnetic field was applied.

AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 2008•0 citations

5S−5D two-photon transition in rubidium vapor at high densities

K. Hassanin, P. Federsel, Florian Karlewski +1 more

The rubidium $5S\text{\ensuremath{-}}5D$ Doppler-free two-photon transition has been observed in a thermal vapor cell by detecting the infrared radiation emitted during the decay from the $5D$ excited level to the $5P$ intermediate level. Different to the usual detection scheme based on blue light emission this approach does not suffer from reabsorption and still works at high densities. This not only allows for a dramatically enhanced detectable emission rate but also for investigating collisional effects such as collisional broadening and collisional energy transfer. Furthermore, we observe a yet unknown temperature dependence of the resonance linewidth for transitions into the states of the $5{D}_{\text{5/2}}$ level. Consequences for the design of an optical Rb-frequency standard are discussed.

Physical Review A•Apr 5, 2023•10 citations

Two-Photon Transitions of 85 Rb 5 D 5/2 State by Using an Optical Frequency Comb and a Continuous-Wave Laser

Cao Shu-Kai, Peng-Rui Fan, Zhang Yi-Chi +3 more

A high-resolution two-photon spectrum of 5S 1/2 → 5P 3/2 → 5D 5/2 transitions in a thermal 85 Rb vapor cell is presented by using an optical frequency comb and a cw laser. The fluorescence of 6P 3/2 → 5S 1/2 spontaneous emission is detected when the cw laser frequency is scanned from the 5S 1/2 ground state to 5P 3/2 hyperfine levels and the optical frequency comb repetition rate is fixed. The hyperfine splittings (F f = 2–5) of the 5D 5/2 excited state are well resolved. The dependences of fluorescence intensities on the cw laser intensity and temperature of 85 Rb vapor cell are studied, respectively. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical analyses.

Chinese Physics Letters•Feb 1, 2016•0 citations
We study resonantly enhanced cascaded two-photon transitions in Doppler-broadened rubidium vapor, induced by an optical frequency comb. Cascaded two-step excitation of atoms from the ground state 5S$${}_{1/2} to the final 5D$${}_{5/2} state via an intermediate 5P$${}_{3/2} state as well as the influence of the frequency comb repetition rate on the two-photon fluorescence signal have been investigated. It is shown that the careful choice of fR{f}_{R}fR​ leads to enhancement of the two-photon signal with considerable increase of the final 5D5/25{D}_{5/2}5D5/2​-state population due to velocity-selective double resonance. Since the double-resonance condition for two different rubidium isotopes is fulfilled for different fR{f}_{R}fR​, the possibility of isotope-selective two-photon excitation is explored. The dependence of the two-photon signal on external magnetic field values and different repetition rates of the optical frequency comb is also investigated.
We present an experimental and theoretical investigation of two-photon direct frequency-comb spectroscopy performed through velocity-selective excitation. In particular, we explore the effect of repetition rate on the $5{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{D}_{3/2,5/2}$ two-photon transitions excited in a rubidium atomic vapor cell. The transitions occur via stepwise excitation through the 5P1/2,3/25{P}_{1/2,3/2}5P1/2,3/2​ states by use of the direct output of an optical frequency comb. Experiments were performed with two different frequency combs, one with a repetition rate of $\ensuremath{\approx}925$ MHz and one with a repetition rate of $\ensuremath{\approx}250$ MHz. The experimental spectra are compared to each other and to a theoretical model.
We report on the combined action of a cw diode laser and a train of ultrashort pulses when each of them drives one step of the 5S-5P-5D two-photon transition in rubidium vapor. The fluorescence from the 6P(3/2) state is detected for a fixed repetition rate of the femtosecond laser while the cw-laser frequency is scanned over the rubidium D(2) lines. This scheme allows for a velocity selective spectroscopy in a large spectral range including the 5D(3/2) and 5D(5/2) states. The results are well described in a simplified frequency domain picture, considering the interaction of each velocity group with the cw laser and a single mode of the frequency comb.
The two-photon transition $5S\ensuremath{-}5P\ensuremath{-}5D$ in rubidium vapor is investigated by detecting the fluorescence from the 6P3/26{P}_{3/2}6P3/2​ state when the atomic system is excited by the combined action of a cw diode laser and a frequency comb. The cw laser plays a role as a velocity-selective filter and allows for sub-Doppler spectroscopy over a large spectral range including the 5D3/25{D}_{3/2}5D3/2​ and 5D5/25{D}_{5/2}5D5/2​ states. For a counterpropagating beam configuration, the response of each atomic velocity group is well characterized within the Doppler profile and the excited hyperfine levels are clearly resolved. The contribution of the optical pumping to the direct two-photon process is also revealed. The results are well described in a frequency domain picture by considering the interaction of each velocity group with the cw laser and the modes of the frequency comb.
In the present experiment the 5S‐5D two‐photon transitions in 85Rb and 87Rb atoms as a result of the interaction of the femtosecond frequency comb with atomic levels of both rubidium isotopes are investigated. The main problem in studying of two‐photon transitions is in optimization of the excitation efficiency of the desired state. There are two general cases: those transition with an intermediate resonance those in which the pulse spectrum is far detuned from an intermediate resonance. In order to investigate the dependence of the two‐photon fluorescence signal as a result of interaction of the frequency comb with perturbed energy‐level pattern an external magnetic field was applied.
The rubidium $5S\text{\ensuremath{-}}5D$ Doppler-free two-photon transition has been observed in a thermal vapor cell by detecting the infrared radiation emitted during the decay from the 5D5D5D excited level to the 5P5P5P intermediate level. Different to the usual detection scheme based on blue light emission this approach does not suffer from reabsorption and still works at high densities. This not only allows for a dramatically enhanced detectable emission rate but also for investigating collisional effects such as collisional broadening and collisional energy transfer. Furthermore, we observe a yet unknown temperature dependence of the resonance linewidth for transitions into the states of the 5D5/25{D}_{\text{5/2}}5D5/2​ level. Consequences for the design of an optical Rb-frequency standard are discussed.
A high-resolution two-photon spectrum of 5S 1/2 → 5P 3/2 → 5D 5/2 transitions in a thermal 85 Rb vapor cell is presented by using an optical frequency comb and a cw laser. The fluorescence of 6P 3/2 → 5S 1/2 spontaneous emission is detected when the cw laser frequency is scanned from the 5S 1/2 ground state to 5P 3/2 hyperfine levels and the optical frequency comb repetition rate is fixed. The hyperfine splittings (F f = 2–5) of the 5D 5/2 excited state are well resolved. The dependences of fluorescence intensities on the cw laser intensity and temperature of 85 Rb vapor cell are studied, respectively. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical analyses.