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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Zeeman analysis of the ytterbium luminescence in indium phosphide

G. Aszódi, J. Weber, Ch. Uihlein, L. Pu-lin, Helmut Ennen, U. Kaufmann, J. Schneider, J. C. Windscheif

Published Jun 15, 1985• 72 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Ytterbium-doped InP emits a characteristic luminescence band near 1.0 \ensuremath{\mu}m, arising from intra-4f-shell transitions of ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}$(4${\mathrm{f}}^{13}$). A Zeeman analysis of the complex set of emission lines, in magnetic fields up to 22 T, reveals that the spectrum arises almost entirely from only one type of cubic Yb center, presumably on a substitutional cation site.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.31.7767

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Energy levels of ytterbium in indium phosphide

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In its regular charge state Yb 3+ , the ytterbium impurity in indium-phosphide has the electronic configuration 4f 13 , orbital momentum L = 3 and spin S = 1/2. Ground and excited states with the total spins J = 7/2 and J = 5/2, respectively, are formed by spin-orbit interaction. The EPR spectrum of the centre provides by resolved hyperfine interactions with the isotopes 171 Yb (nuclear spin I = 1/2, natural abundance α = 14%) and 173 Yb (I = 5/2, a = 16%) direct evidence for a one-ytterbium centre in a high-symmetry environment The optical transition between the excited and ground states with an energy around wavenumber σ = 9985 cm -1 (wavelength λ = 1.0015 μm) is easily observed in photoluminescence. A cubic crystal field lifts the eight-fold degeneracy of the ground state 2 F 7/2 into a Γ 6 doublet, a F, doublet and a Γ 8 quartet, whereas the excited state 2 F 5/2 is split into a Γ 7 doublet and a Γ 8 quartet. The ordering of the crystal-field levels is still a matter of discussion, both for the ground and excited spin-orbit multiplets. Several experiments providing information on the ordering will be briefly discussed. These include the luminescence intensity, temperature, hydrostatic stress and magnetic field effects on the optical spectrum, magnetic resonance, together with a crystal-field analysis. A conclusion towards a Γ 7 - Γ 6 - Γ 8 ordering for the ground state multiplet and Γ 7 - Γ 8 for the excited state multiplet, known as the Masterov model, will be drawn.

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Kinetics and quenching mechanisms of photoluminescence in Yb-doped InP

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Photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy on InP: Yb

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Physical review. B, Condensed matter•Nov 15, 1984•26 citations
Ytterbium-doped InP emits a characteristic luminescence band near 1.0 \ensuremath{\mu}m, arising from intra-4f-shell transitions of Yb3+{\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}Yb3+(4f13{\mathrm{f}}^{13}f13). A Zeeman analysis of the complex set of emission lines, in magnetic fields up to 22 T, reveals that the spectrum arises almost entirely from only one type of cubic Yb center, presumably on a substitutional cation site.
In its regular charge state Yb 3+ , the ytterbium impurity in indium-phosphide has the electronic configuration 4f 13 , orbital momentum L = 3 and spin S = 1/2. Ground and excited states with the total spins J = 7/2 and J = 5/2, respectively, are formed by spin-orbit interaction. The EPR spectrum of the centre provides by resolved hyperfine interactions with the isotopes 171 Yb (nuclear spin I = 1/2, natural abundance α = 14%) and 173 Yb (I = 5/2, a = 16%) direct evidence for a one-ytterbium centre in a high-symmetry environment The optical transition between the excited and ground states with an energy around wavenumber σ = 9985 cm -1 (wavelength λ = 1.0015 μm) is easily observed in photoluminescence. A cubic crystal field lifts the eight-fold degeneracy of the ground state 2 F 7/2 into a Γ 6 doublet, a F, doublet and a Γ 8 quartet, whereas the excited state 2 F 5/2 is split into a Γ 7 doublet and a Γ 8 quartet. The ordering of the crystal-field levels is still a matter of discussion, both for the ground and excited spin-orbit multiplets. Several experiments providing information on the ordering will be briefly discussed. These include the luminescence intensity, temperature, hydrostatic stress and magnetic field effects on the optical spectrum, magnetic resonance, together with a crystal-field analysis. A conclusion towards a Γ 7 - Γ 6 - Γ 8 ordering for the ground state multiplet and Γ 7 - Γ 8 for the excited state multiplet, known as the Masterov model, will be drawn.
The photoluminescence spectra of Yb-implanted InP samples were studied under pulsed and cw excitations using an Ar+-ion laser (above band-gap excitation) at different temperatures and excitation intensities. The photoluminescence spectrum of the 4f transitions 2F5/2–2F7/2 consists of a sharp peak at 1001 nm and broader peaks in the spectral range between 1002.5 and 1010 nm. Time-resolved spectra were recorded at different temperatures. Using a tunable Ti:sapphire laser (above and below band-gap excitation) the photoluminescence excitation spectra were investigated for different emission lines. Study of the rise and decay time under intrinsic excitation (band to band) show that the rise time is a function of excitation intensity, which reflects an indirect excitation process for Yb3+. The experimental data are explained using a kinetics model of energy transfer from the host lattice to the localized core excited states of rare-earth isoelectronic structured traps. The numerically simulated luminescence rise and decay times show a good general quantitative agreement with experimental data, over a wide range of generation rates. The photoluminescence spectra and decay time were also studied as a function of temperature. A quenching mechanism of ytterbium luminescence involving Yb and Fe ions is proposed. Finally, the electric-field quenching of InP:Yb photoluminescence is investigated.
Environmental effects in the intraimpurity emission of Yb3+(2F5/2-2F7/2 intracenter transition) in GaxIn1−xP (0<x<0.3) bulk crystals are reported. Cationic disorder manifests itself in the appearance of line splittings and substantial broadening of all the emission lines with increasing Ga contents. Spectra of the crystals with small Ga contents are dominated by emission from two types of centers. One, typical of InP:Yb, corresponds to Td symmetry, while the second is most likely due to a Yb center perturbed by the presence of a single Ga atom in the next-nearest-neighbor position (Yb-P4-In11-Ga).
Photoluminescence excitation measurements were performed on InP: Yb, using a tunable LiF: F2+{\mathrm{F}}_{2}^{+}F2+​ colorcenter laser. The excitation spectra show that only one dominant Yb3+{\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}Yb3+ (4f134{f}^{13}4f13) center is responsible for the complex set of emission lines observed in the 1.0-\ensuremath{\mu}m spectral range. With the combination of the present results with data obtained by photoluminescence experiments the observed emission lines can be ordered into a level scheme with a twofold-split initial (2F52^{2}F_{\frac{5}{2}}2F25​​) and a threefold-split (2F72^{2}F_{\frac{7}{2}}2F27​​) ground state.