Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physical Review A

Wave-function analysis of dynamic cancellation of ac Stark shifts in optical lattice clocks by use of pulsed Raman and electromagnetically-induced-transparency techniques

Tai Hyun Yoon

Published Jul 30, 2007• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study analytically the dynamic cancellation of ac Stark shift in the recently proposed pulsed electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT-)Raman optical lattice clock based on the wave-function formalism. An explicit expression for the time evolution operator corresponding to the effective two-level interaction Hamiltonian has been obtained in order to explain the atomic phase shift cancellation due to the ac Stark shift induced by the time-separated laser pulses. We present how to determine an optimum value of the common detuning of the driving fields at which the atomic phase shift cancels completely with the parameters for the practical realization of the EIT-Raman optical lattice clock with alkaline-earth-metal atoms.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.76.013422

Related papers

Cancellation of Stark Shifts in Optical Lattice Clocks by Use of Pulsed Raman and Electromagnetically Induced Transparency Techniques

T. Zanon-Willette, Andrew D. Ludlow, Sebastian Blatt +3 more

We propose a combination of electromagnetically induced transparency-Raman and pulsed spectroscopy techniques to accurately cancel frequency shifts arising from electromagnetically induced transparency fields in forbidden optical clock transitions of alkaline earth atoms. At appropriate detunings, time-separated laser pulses are designed to trap atoms in coherent superpositions while eliminating off-resonance ac Stark contributions, achieving efficient population transfer up to 60% with inaccuracy <10(-17). Results from the wave-function formalism are confirmed by the density matrix approach.

arXiv:physics/0610098•Physical Review Letters•Dec 7, 2006•49 citations

Analytical approach to dynamic cancelation of the AC Stark shift in a pulsed three-level optical lattice clock

Tai Hyun Yoon

We study analytically the dynamic cancelation of the AC Stark shift in a three-level pulsed optical lattice clock by solving the time-dependent density-matrix equations in the adiabatic following limit. We found an optimum value of the common detuning Δ 0 of two coherent driving fields at which the dynamic AC Stark shift cancelled completely at an arbitrary field strength. The optimum value of Δ 0 for the well-studied Sr atoms agreed well with the values obtained by using other methods, for instance, a numerical calculation and a wave-function formalism. We give an optimum value of common detuning, Δ 0 = 65.3 MHz, for the pulsed Raman Yb optical lattice clock.

Journal of the Korean Physical Society•Aug 1, 2013•0 citations

Quantum engineering of atomic phase shifts in optical clocks

T. Zanon-Willette, Sylvain Almonacil, Emeric de Clercq +2 more

Quantum engineering of time-separated Raman laser pulses in three-level systems is presented to produce an ultranarrow optical transition in bosonic alkali-earth clocks free from light shifts and with a significantly reduced sensitivity to laser parameter fluctuations. Based on a quantum artificial complex wave-function analytical model and supported by a full density-matrix simulation including a possible residual effect of spontaneous emission from the intermediate state, atomic phase shifts associated with Ramsey and hyper-Ramsey two-photon spectroscopy in optical clocks are derived. Various common-mode Raman frequency detunings are found in which the frequency shifts from off-resonant states are canceled, while their uncertainties at the ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$ level of accuracy are strongly reduced.

arXiv:1407.1381•Physical Review A•Nov 24, 2014•18 citations

Two-photon ac-Stark effect in Raman-Ramsey Interactions

Junhai Zhang, Jingbiao Chen

For the two-photon ac Stark effect in Raman-Ramsey configuration, such as the Raman clock, and pulsed CPT clock configuration, an interference phenomenon of two-photon ac Stark effect is predicted. Here we report this new physical phenomenon, the interference of two-photon ac Stark effect in two-zone Raman-Ramsey interactions, which is general in any Raman-Ramsey spectroscopy. In particular, for an atomic beam Raman clock configuration, the ac Stark shift will present an interference fringe caused by the separated oscillatory-field interaction when the shift fields interact with atoms at two zones. On the center of dispersion shape of normal ac-Stark shift, an interference pattern appeared when the scale of frequency detuning is expanded.

Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)•May 1, 2007•0 citations

Line-shape comparison of electromagnetically induced transparency and Raman Ramsey fringes in sodium vapor

Ichiro Yoshida, Nobuhito Hayashi, Kazuki Fujita +3 more

We have simultaneously studied electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Raman Ramsey fringes (RRF) in sodium vapor, in the same theoretical framework and the same experimental scheme. RRF spectra and EIT spectra can be simply distinguished by whether the gate timing of the detection is set at the beginning (RRF) or at the end (EIT) of the excitation pulses. The EIT spectral peaks exhibited pronounced ac Stark shifts linearly depending upon the pumping power (8.8 kHz/mW), while in the RRF spectra such shifts were almost negligible (0.19 kHz/mW), provided that the pulse separation is sufficiently large. This fact promotes RRF as a strong candidate for next-generation compact atomic clocks. Transient spectra in between RRF and EIT have also been investigated by changing the gate timing within the excitation pulse, and the transition time from RRF to EIT was found to be of the order of a few microseconds.

Physical Review A•Feb 22, 2013•19 citations

Ac Stark shifts in a two-zone Raman interaction

Philip Hemmer, M. S. Shahriar, V. D. Natoli +1 more

We have measured the ac Stark effect in a two-zone stimulated Raman interaction in a sodium atomic beam. In addition, we have derived simple theoretical expressions for the ac Stark shift, based on a closed three-level system, in the Λ configuration, and have achieved qualitative agreement with the data. In particular, the magnitude and sense of the ac Stark shifts are found to depend on laser intensities as well as on the initial populations of the two low-lying levels of the Λ configuration. Specifically, the observed ac Stark shifts are smaller for larger laser intensities and also for smaller initial population differences between the two low-lying levels. The ac Stark effect must be considered for many potential applications of the Raman effect, such as a Raman clock. In this connection, we have identified conditions for the reduction of the ac Stark shift in our sodium Raman clock.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Aug 1, 1989•83 citations
We study analytically the dynamic cancellation of ac Stark shift in the recently proposed pulsed electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT-)Raman optical lattice clock based on the wave-function formalism. An explicit expression for the time evolution operator corresponding to the effective two-level interaction Hamiltonian has been obtained in order to explain the atomic phase shift cancellation due to the ac Stark shift induced by the time-separated laser pulses. We present how to determine an optimum value of the common detuning of the driving fields at which the atomic phase shift cancels completely with the parameters for the practical realization of the EIT-Raman optical lattice clock with alkaline-earth-metal atoms.
We propose a combination of electromagnetically induced transparency-Raman and pulsed spectroscopy techniques to accurately cancel frequency shifts arising from electromagnetically induced transparency fields in forbidden optical clock transitions of alkaline earth atoms. At appropriate detunings, time-separated laser pulses are designed to trap atoms in coherent superpositions while eliminating off-resonance ac Stark contributions, achieving efficient population transfer up to 60% with inaccuracy <10(-17). Results from the wave-function formalism are confirmed by the density matrix approach.
We study analytically the dynamic cancelation of the AC Stark shift in a three-level pulsed optical lattice clock by solving the time-dependent density-matrix equations in the adiabatic following limit. We found an optimum value of the common detuning Δ 0 of two coherent driving fields at which the dynamic AC Stark shift cancelled completely at an arbitrary field strength. The optimum value of Δ 0 for the well-studied Sr atoms agreed well with the values obtained by using other methods, for instance, a numerical calculation and a wave-function formalism. We give an optimum value of common detuning, Δ 0 = 65.3 MHz, for the pulsed Raman Yb optical lattice clock.
Quantum engineering of time-separated Raman laser pulses in three-level systems is presented to produce an ultranarrow optical transition in bosonic alkali-earth clocks free from light shifts and with a significantly reduced sensitivity to laser parameter fluctuations. Based on a quantum artificial complex wave-function analytical model and supported by a full density-matrix simulation including a possible residual effect of spontaneous emission from the intermediate state, atomic phase shifts associated with Ramsey and hyper-Ramsey two-photon spectroscopy in optical clocks are derived. Various common-mode Raman frequency detunings are found in which the frequency shifts from off-resonant states are canceled, while their uncertainties at the ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$ level of accuracy are strongly reduced.
For the two-photon ac Stark effect in Raman-Ramsey configuration, such as the Raman clock, and pulsed CPT clock configuration, an interference phenomenon of two-photon ac Stark effect is predicted. Here we report this new physical phenomenon, the interference of two-photon ac Stark effect in two-zone Raman-Ramsey interactions, which is general in any Raman-Ramsey spectroscopy. In particular, for an atomic beam Raman clock configuration, the ac Stark shift will present an interference fringe caused by the separated oscillatory-field interaction when the shift fields interact with atoms at two zones. On the center of dispersion shape of normal ac-Stark shift, an interference pattern appeared when the scale of frequency detuning is expanded.
We have simultaneously studied electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Raman Ramsey fringes (RRF) in sodium vapor, in the same theoretical framework and the same experimental scheme. RRF spectra and EIT spectra can be simply distinguished by whether the gate timing of the detection is set at the beginning (RRF) or at the end (EIT) of the excitation pulses. The EIT spectral peaks exhibited pronounced ac Stark shifts linearly depending upon the pumping power (8.8 kHz/mW), while in the RRF spectra such shifts were almost negligible (0.19 kHz/mW), provided that the pulse separation is sufficiently large. This fact promotes RRF as a strong candidate for next-generation compact atomic clocks. Transient spectra in between RRF and EIT have also been investigated by changing the gate timing within the excitation pulse, and the transition time from RRF to EIT was found to be of the order of a few microseconds.
We have measured the ac Stark effect in a two-zone stimulated Raman interaction in a sodium atomic beam. In addition, we have derived simple theoretical expressions for the ac Stark shift, based on a closed three-level system, in the Λ configuration, and have achieved qualitative agreement with the data. In particular, the magnitude and sense of the ac Stark shifts are found to depend on laser intensities as well as on the initial populations of the two low-lying levels of the Λ configuration. Specifically, the observed ac Stark shifts are smaller for larger laser intensities and also for smaller initial population differences between the two low-lying levels. The ac Stark effect must be considered for many potential applications of the Raman effect, such as a Raman clock. In this connection, we have identified conditions for the reduction of the ac Stark shift in our sodium Raman clock.