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Optics Express

Three-photon N00N states generated by photon subtraction from double photon pairs

Heonoh Kim, Hee Su Park, Sang-Kyung Choi

Published Oct 16, 2009• 43 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe an experimental demonstration of a novel three-photon N00N state generation scheme using a single source of photons based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). The three-photon entangled state is generated when a photon is subtracted from a double pair of photons and detected by a heralding counter. Interference fringes measured with an emulated three-photon detector reveal the three-photon de Broglie wavelength and exhibit visibility > 70% without background subtraction.

DOI
10.1364/oe.17.019720

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arXiv:0910.5797•Physical Review A•Jun 1, 2010•41 citations
We describe an experimental demonstration of a novel three-photon N00N state generation scheme using a single source of photons based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). The three-photon entangled state is generated when a photon is subtracted from a double pair of photons and detected by a heralding counter. Interference fringes measured with an emulated three-photon detector reveal the three-photon de Broglie wavelength and exhibit visibility > 70% without background subtraction.
Spatial interference of quantum mechanical particles exhibits a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics. A two-mode entangled state of N particles known as N00N state can give rise to non-classical interference. We report the first experimental observation of a three-photon N00N state exhibiting Young's double-slit type spatial quantum interference. Compared to a single-photon state, the three-photon entangled state generates interference fringes that are three times denser. Moreover, its interference visibility of 0.49 ± 0.09 is well above the limit of 0.1 for spatial super-resolution of classical origin.
The photonic de Broglie wave, in which an ensemble of NNN identical photons with wavelength $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ reveals $\ensuremath{\lambda}/N$ interference fringes, has been known to be a unique feature exhibited by the photon-number-path--entangled $|N,0\ensuremath{\rangle}+|0,N\ensuremath{\rangle}$ state or the N00NN00NN00N state. Here, we report the observation of the photonic de Broglie wave for a pair of photons, generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion, that are not photon-number-path entangled. We also show that the photonic de Broglie wave can even be observed for a pair of photons that are completely separable (i.e., no entanglement in all degrees of freedom) and distinguishable. The experimental and theoretical results suggest that the photonic de Broglie wave is, in fact, not related to the entanglement of the photons, rather it is related to the indistinguishable pathways established by the measurement scheme. The phase sensitivity surpassing the standard quantum limit, however, is shown to be closely related to the N00NN00NN00N state.