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arXiv:quant-ph/0109005 · Physical Review Letters

Measurement of the Photonic de Broglie Wavelength of Entangled Photon Pairs Generated by Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion

Keiichi Edamatsu, Ryōsuke Shimizu, Tadashi Itoh

Published Nov 4, 2002• 216 citations
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Abstract

Using a basic Mach-Zehnder interferometer, we demonstrate experimentally the measurement of the photonic de Broglie wavelength of entangled photon pairs (biphotons) generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The observed interference manifests the concept of the photonic de Broglie wavelength. We also discuss the phase uncertainty obtained from the experiment.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.89.213601

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Using a basic Mach-Zehnder interferometer, we demonstrate experimentally the measurement of the photonic de Broglie wavelength of entangled photon pairs (biphotons) generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The observed interference manifests the concept of the photonic de Broglie wavelength. We also discuss the phase uncertainty obtained from the experiment.
Summary form only given. Recently, Jacobson et al. ( see Phys. Rev. Lett., vol.74, p. 4835 (1995)) proposed the concept of "photonic de Broglie wave" in multiphoton states. They argued that the photonic de Broglie wavelength of an ensemble of photons with wavelength /spl lambda//sub 0/ and average number of photons N can be measured using a special interferometer with "effective beam splitters" that do not split the multiphoton states into constituent photons. Fonseca et al. see Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 82, p. 2868 (1999)) measured the photonic de Broglie wavelength of a two-photon state ("biphoton") using a kind of Young's interferometer. We propose and demonstrate the measurement of photonic de Broglie wavelength of biphotons generated by parametric down-conversion utilizing the usual Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
Summary form only given. J. Jacobson et al. (1995) have shown theoretically that the measured de Broglie wavelength of an object is dependent on its internal structure. A fourth-order Young interference experiment is done to demonstrate a practical way to measure the photonic de Broglie wavelength of a two-photon wavepacket. Light in the two-photon state generated collinearly in the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion. By modifying the transverse field profile of the pump laser beam that generates the two-photon beam we demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that it is possible to measure the de Broglie wavelength of the constituents parts of the wavepacket, the de Broglie wavelength of the two-photon wavepacket (biphoton) as a whole and an undefined intermediate de Broglie wavelength between the two cases.
We propose an experiment that permits observation of the de Broglie two-photon wave packet behavior for a pair of photons, using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. It is based on the use of pulsed lasers to generate pairs of photons via spontaneous parametric down-conversion and the post-selection of events. It differs from previous realizations by the use of a third time-correlated photon to engineer the state of the photons. The same technique can give us which-path information via an ``interaction-free'' experiment and can be used in other experiments on the foundations of quantum mechanics related to wave-particle duality and to nonlocality.
The photonic de Broglie wave, in which an ensemble of NNN identical photons with wavelength $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ reveals $\ensuremath{\lambda}/N$ interference fringes, has been known to be a unique feature exhibited by the photon-number-path--entangled $|N,0\ensuremath{\rangle}+|0,N\ensuremath{\rangle}$ state or the N00NN00NN00N state. Here, we report the observation of the photonic de Broglie wave for a pair of photons, generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion, that are not photon-number-path entangled. We also show that the photonic de Broglie wave can even be observed for a pair of photons that are completely separable (i.e., no entanglement in all degrees of freedom) and distinguishable. The experimental and theoretical results suggest that the photonic de Broglie wave is, in fact, not related to the entanglement of the photons, rather it is related to the indistinguishable pathways established by the measurement scheme. The phase sensitivity surpassing the standard quantum limit, however, is shown to be closely related to the N00NN00NN00N state.