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Observation of Young's Double-Slit Interference with the Three-photon N00N state

Yong‐Su Kim, Osung Kwon, Sang Min Lee, Heonoh Kim, Sang-Kyung Choi, Hee Su Park, Yoon-Ho Kim

Published Jan 1, 2011• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We report the first experimental observation of a three-photon N00N state exhibiting Young’s double-slit type spatial quantum interference. Compared to a single-photon state, the three-photon entangled state generates interference fringes that are three times denser.
DOI
10.1364/qels.2011.qfd7

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Spatial interference of quantum mechanical particles exhibits a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics. A two-mode entangled state of N particles known as N00N state can give rise to non-classical interference. We report the first experimental observation of a three-photon N00N state exhibiting Young's double-slit type spatial quantum interference. Compared to a single-photon state, the three-photon entangled state generates interference fringes that are three times denser. Moreover, its interference visibility of 0.49 ± 0.09 is well above the limit of 0.1 for spatial super-resolution of classical origin.
Spatial interference of quantum mechanical particles exhibits a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics. A two-mode entangled state of N particles known as N00N state can give rise to non-classical interference. We report the first experimental observation of a three-photon N00N state exhibiting Young's double-slit type spatial quantum interference. Compared to a single-photon state, the three-photon entangled state generates interference fringes that are three times denser. Moreover, its interference visibility of 0.49 ± 0.09 is well above the limit of 0.1 for spatial super-resolution of classical origin. The demonstration of spatial quantum interference by a N00N state composed of more than two photons represents an important step towards applying quantum entanglement to technologies such as lithography and imaging.
Maximally entangled NOON states are proposed to be generated with NNN independent photons and a fixed double-slit in the Young's interference experiment. A strict condition is required that these photons have to be arranged in a straight line and separated from each other by certain equal distances. The initial product state turns into a NOON state of the photons at the double-slit, after NNN-photon postselected measurements. With a spatially random laser beam, we experimentally investigate the high-order correlation functions to imitate the behavior of the single-photon and NNN-photon wave packets of the NOON states. Since the NNN-photon wave packet is the product of NNN single-photon wave packets, two methods are adopted to observe the superresolved fringes. The first method is to use the product of the second-order correlation functions. The second one is to measure the 2Nth2N\mathrm{th}2Nth-order correlation functions. In the both cases, the superresolved fringes of up to fourth order are successfully observed.