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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

Cooling of atoms below the recoil energy under multizone Raman excitation

Yu. V. Rozhdestvenskiǐ, Yu. D. Selishcheva

Published May 1, 2006• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Cooling of atoms below the temperature determined by the recoil energy is proposed on the basis of the Raman excitation of three-level atoms by the field of standing waves with a relative spatial shift. The advantage of this cooling mechanism is a weak sensitivity to the shape and duration of light pulses used for the transfer of population under Raman excitation. It is shown that the effectiveness of such cooling increases sharply when multizone excitation is used and already several interaction zones are enough for deep transverse cooling of an atomic beam to a temperature significantly lower than the recoil energy.

DOI
10.1134/s0021364006060014

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Cooling of atoms below the temperature determined by the recoil energy is proposed on the basis of the Raman excitation of three-level atoms by the field of standing waves with a relative spatial shift. The advantage of this cooling mechanism is a weak sensitivity to the shape and duration of light pulses used for the transfer of population under Raman excitation. It is shown that the effectiveness of such cooling increases sharply when multizone excitation is used and already several interaction zones are enough for deep transverse cooling of an atomic beam to a temperature significantly lower than the recoil energy.
This paper discusses the possibility of implementing nanostructures about 1nm across when an atomic beam is focused in an external potential field. It is shown that, to obtain such a transverse size of a beam of atoms, the atoms must be cooled at right angles to the propagation axis substantially below the temperature determined by the output energy. This paper therefore proposes a new mechanism for the deep cooling of atoms, based on the Raman excitation of three-level atoms by a field of standing waves with a relative spatial shift. The advantage of this cooling mechanism is the weak sensitivity to the shape and width of the light pulses.
Analysis of optical excitation of a double Λ system with three lower and two excited states (so-called M atom) by the field of four travelling optical waves is carried out. It is shown that excitation of such a system by Raman π pulses can be used for deep cooling of M atoms to a temperature much lower than the temperature controlled by the recoil energy. The application of the proposed scheme considerably simplifies practical implementation of deep Raman cooling, which considerably extends the range of application of this technique.
We present an investigation of an alternative mechanism for sub-Doppler cooling of atoms, based on a coherent population transfer in three-level \ensuremath{\Lambda} systems. The mechanism considered is that of a \ensuremath{\Lambda} atom interacting with two standing light waves with a mutual spatial phase shift cphi\ensuremath{\ne}0. The spatial dependence of the level populations of the \ensuremath{\Lambda} atom for different values of cphi is presented. For cphi\ensuremath{\ne}0, this clearly demonstrates coherent population transfer in an atom with transverse motion along the space-shifted nodes and antinodes of the two standing waves. We show that this allows translational temperatures well below the Doppler limit TD{\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{D}}TD​=${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Elzxh}}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$/kB{\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{B}}kB​ to be achieved.
A multizone excitation of a double Λ-system with three lower and two excited states (the so-called M -atom) by an optical radiation field is presented. It is shown that the Raman excitation of such a system can be used to implement an effective atomic beam splitter in one of the lower states. The advantage of the scheme under consideration is that the formation of a space lattice of the atomic density takes place when the atomic system interacts only with the optical radiation field and does not require any additional efforts to select the internal states in which such spatial structures are formed.