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Journal of Optical Technology

The formation of nanostructures when a precooled beam of atoms is focused in a field of shifted standing waves under Raman excitation

Yu. V. Rozhdestvenskiǐ, Yu. D. Anuchina

Published Aug 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper discusses the possibility of implementing nanostructures about 1nm across when an atomic beam is focused in an external potential field. It is shown that, to obtain such a transverse size of a beam of atoms, the atoms must be cooled at right angles to the propagation axis substantially below the temperature determined by the output energy. This paper therefore proposes a new mechanism for the deep cooling of atoms, based on the Raman excitation of three-level atoms by a field of standing waves with a relative spatial shift. The advantage of this cooling mechanism is the weak sensitivity to the shape and width of the light pulses.

DOI
10.1364/jot.74.000511

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This paper discusses the possibility of implementing nanostructures about 1nm across when an atomic beam is focused in an external potential field. It is shown that, to obtain such a transverse size of a beam of atoms, the atoms must be cooled at right angles to the propagation axis substantially below the temperature determined by the output energy. This paper therefore proposes a new mechanism for the deep cooling of atoms, based on the Raman excitation of three-level atoms by a field of standing waves with a relative spatial shift. The advantage of this cooling mechanism is the weak sensitivity to the shape and width of the light pulses.
Cooling of atoms below the temperature determined by the recoil energy is proposed on the basis of the Raman excitation of three-level atoms by the field of standing waves with a relative spatial shift. The advantage of this cooling mechanism is a weak sensitivity to the shape and duration of light pulses used for the transfer of population under Raman excitation. It is shown that the effectiveness of such cooling increases sharply when multizone excitation is used and already several interaction zones are enough for deep transverse cooling of an atomic beam to a temperature significantly lower than the recoil energy.
Analysis of optical excitation of a double Λ system with three lower and two excited states (so-called M atom) by the field of four travelling optical waves is carried out. It is shown that excitation of such a system by Raman π pulses can be used for deep cooling of M atoms to a temperature much lower than the temperature controlled by the recoil energy. The application of the proposed scheme considerably simplifies practical implementation of deep Raman cooling, which considerably extends the range of application of this technique.
Dynamics of cold atoms in laser standing wave is a subject of a great interest, stimulated by the main problem of nano-lithography with cooled atoms: We can obtain the very narrow width of cooled atoms, much less than wavelength of optical radiation, by focusing in standing wave. We consider the possibility to increase the efficiency which means obtaining the very narrow width of atoms by focusing all atoms of an initial atom beam by controlling of an atom dynamics in periodic potential of standing wave. Such control for cooled atom dynamics achieves by using the additional laser field. There are two additional possibilities of atom focusing to comparing with usual focusing without control function. The first, the control function was chosen so that all atoms fall into potential wells of standing wave. In this case we obtain the increasing of atom number in five times (compare with ordinary focusing). At the same time, the width of atom distribution function inside wells is about /spl lambda//20. In the second case, the control function was chosen so that all atoms prepare on the hills of the periodical potential. For such unusual focusing we demonstrate that the width of atoms can be done extraordinary narrow 6 nm and an atom number increases in one hundred times.