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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics

Splitting of atomic wave packets under multizone Raman excitation

Yu. D. Anuchina, Yu. V. Rozhdestvenskiǐ

Published Nov 1, 2009• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A multizone excitation of a double Λ-system with three lower and two excited states (the so-called M -atom) by an optical radiation field is presented. It is shown that the Raman excitation of such a system can be used to implement an effective atomic beam splitter in one of the lower states. The advantage of the scheme under consideration is that the formation of a space lattice of the atomic density takes place when the atomic system interacts only with the optical radiation field and does not require any additional efforts to select the internal states in which such spatial structures are formed.

DOI
10.1134/s1063776109110016

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A multizone excitation of a double Λ-system with three lower and two excited states (the so-called M -atom) by an optical radiation field is presented. It is shown that the Raman excitation of such a system can be used to implement an effective atomic beam splitter in one of the lower states. The advantage of the scheme under consideration is that the formation of a space lattice of the atomic density takes place when the atomic system interacts only with the optical radiation field and does not require any additional efforts to select the internal states in which such spatial structures are formed.
The diffraction of the wave packet of a three-level atom in a multifrequency optical radiation field is studied. A new type of coherent beam splitter for atoms that employs the scattering of a wave packet in the field of four standing light waves with different spatial shifts is proposed on this basis. It is shown that this interaction scheme makes it possible to obtain large splittings (>100ℏ k ) of the wave packet of a three-level Λ atom in momentum space into only two coherent components. In addition, the atoms in these coherent components are in long-lived atomic states, which substantially simplifies the experimental implementation of such a splitter.
Analysis of optical excitation of a double Λ system with three lower and two excited states (so-called M atom) by the field of four travelling optical waves is carried out. It is shown that excitation of such a system by Raman π pulses can be used for deep cooling of M atoms to a temperature much lower than the temperature controlled by the recoil energy. The application of the proposed scheme considerably simplifies practical implementation of deep Raman cooling, which considerably extends the range of application of this technique.
Control in multi-zone atomic beam splitters needs for the practical realization of nanoscale lithography by coherent scattering of the atoms. We propose an effective atomic beam splitter based on the interaction of three-level atom with the field of the standing optical waves having relative spatial shifts. It is shown, that using of several interaction zones of the standing waves having the different spatial shift it make possible to reach the splitting 2n/spl planck/k (where n is the number of zone) in each of lower three-level /spl Lambda/-atom state.
Cooling of atoms below the temperature determined by the recoil energy is proposed on the basis of the Raman excitation of three-level atoms by the field of standing waves with a relative spatial shift. The advantage of this cooling mechanism is a weak sensitivity to the shape and duration of light pulses used for the transfer of population under Raman excitation. It is shown that the effectiveness of such cooling increases sharply when multizone excitation is used and already several interaction zones are enough for deep transverse cooling of an atomic beam to a temperature significantly lower than the recoil energy.