Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Resonant four-wave frequency mixing in the cw regime in sodium vapor

Vasily G. Arkhipkin, A. L. Vysotin, Im Tkhek-De, O. P. Podavalova, A. K. Popov

Published Jul 31, 1986• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An experimental investigation was made of resonant nonlinear four-wave frequency mixing processes involving cw laser radiation in sodium vapor. It was found that, in spite of an increase in absorption, the use of resonant atomic nonlinearities can substantially improve the frequency conversion efficiency in the cw regime. The results of the measurements were compared with the theoretical conclusions. Ultraviolet radiation was generated at the sum frequency ( λ s = 268 nm) with the proportionality factor C = W s / W 1 W 2 W 3 ≈2W −2

DOI
10.1070/qe1986v016n07abeh007190

Related papers

Efficient nonlinear frequency mixing in a cw regime using coherent population trapping

Vasily G. Arkhipkin, Sergei A. Myslivets, Д. В. Манушкин +1 more

We theoretically study cw two-photon resonant four-wave mixing process (formula available in paper) when fundamental radiation with frequencies (formula available in paper) are strong enough and lead to coherent population trapping (CPT). It is shown that under conditions of CPT, the linear and nonlinear polarization can be the same order. Efficient nonlinear frequency conversion in atomic Ba vapor in cw regime is demonstrated.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Feb 25, 1999•0 citations

Magnetic-field-induced sum-frequency mixing in sodium vapor

Alistair J. Poustie, Malcolm H. Dunn

An experimental and theoretical study of magnetic-field-induced sum-frequency mixing in sodium vapor has been carried out using two single-frequency, continuous-wave dye lasers as the sources of the fundamental radiation. In addition to the usual two-photon resonant enhancement of the three-wave-mixing nonlinear-optical process, the use of near- or on-resonant single-photon transitions for further resonant enhancement was investigated. The macroscopic phase-matching behavior of the sum-frequency mixing was examined with the intermediate states off resonance. Experimental and theoretical results are presented to illustrate the differences that occur between the coherent quadrupole emission and the incoherent cascade fluorescence when the intermediate states in the two-photon absorption are resonant. Control over the single-photon resonant enhancement and the sum-frequency-mixing phase matching was achieved to increase the power conversion efficiency to 1.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}5}$.

Physical Review A•Feb 1, 1993•14 citations

Level splitting effects in CW resonant four-wave mixing

Sergei A Babin, S.I. Kalukov, U. Hinze +2 more

Summary form only given. Various schemes of resonant frequency conversion using four-wave mixing (FWM) have been investigated recently. For example, sum-frequency FWM in Hg atoms has been used for generation of CW radiation at 121.56 nm, corresponding to the Lyman-/spl alpha/ line of hydrogen and efficient difference frequency mixing has been demonstrated in double-/spl Lambda/ level configurations of Na/sub 2/ molecules. We present novel investigations on the resonance structure of the FWM-spectra in the case of up-conversion in a double-/spl Lambda/ scheme realized in Na/sub 2/.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•Nov 11, 2002•0 citations

Enhanced Nonlinear Optics Using an Atomic Local Oscillator

Maneesh Jain, H. Xia, Andrew J. Merriam +2 more

Nonlinear optical mixing of existing laser frequencies to access portions of the spectrum where lasing action is not easily obtainable is common practice today. Although nonlinear solid-state media are available [1] for frequency conversion from just under 200 nm in the ultraviolet to about a few microns in the infrared, the generation of widely-tunable laser radiation in the mid-to-far infrared and VUV regions typically requires four-frequency mixing in atomic vapors. In the past, frequency conversion in atomic vapors suffered from poor conversion efficiencies due to the small magnitude of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility and the difficulty in phasematching. We demonstrate a method [2] for performing four-frequency mixing which overcomes both of these shortcomings, allowing efficient frequency conversion with moderate pump intensities.

Nonlinear Optics•Jan 1, 1996•0 citations

Effective frequency conversion of radiation in sodium vapor

Vladimir S Solomatin, A N Meleshko

An investigation was made of frequency conversion in sodium vapor. When the phase-matching conditions were satisfied and the nonlinear susceptibility increased under signal resonance conditions, the quantum efficiency of the conversion process was 40% at low pumping rates.

Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics•Jul 31, 1979•0 citations

Generation of cw VUV coherent radiation by four-wave sum frequency mixing in Sr vapor

Richard R. Freeman, Gary C. Bjorklund, Nicholas P. Economou +2 more

The production of cw VUV coherent radiation by four-wave sum frequency generation in Sr vapor is reported. Significant enhancement of the nonlinearity at the output frequency is obtained upon application of large (∼50 kG) magnetic fields. Total power of 10−11 W (∼107 photons/sec) at 1700 Å in a bandwidth of approximately 6 GHz for input powers of less than 1 W was obtained.

Applied Physics Letters•Oct 15, 1978•38 citations
An experimental investigation was made of resonant nonlinear four-wave frequency mixing processes involving cw laser radiation in sodium vapor. It was found that, in spite of an increase in absorption, the use of resonant atomic nonlinearities can substantially improve the frequency conversion efficiency in the cw regime. The results of the measurements were compared with the theoretical conclusions. Ultraviolet radiation was generated at the sum frequency ( λ s = 268 nm) with the proportionality factor C = W s / W 1 W 2 W 3 ≈2W −2
An experimental and theoretical study of magnetic-field-induced sum-frequency mixing in sodium vapor has been carried out using two single-frequency, continuous-wave dye lasers as the sources of the fundamental radiation. In addition to the usual two-photon resonant enhancement of the three-wave-mixing nonlinear-optical process, the use of near- or on-resonant single-photon transitions for further resonant enhancement was investigated. The macroscopic phase-matching behavior of the sum-frequency mixing was examined with the intermediate states off resonance. Experimental and theoretical results are presented to illustrate the differences that occur between the coherent quadrupole emission and the incoherent cascade fluorescence when the intermediate states in the two-photon absorption are resonant. Control over the single-photon resonant enhancement and the sum-frequency-mixing phase matching was achieved to increase the power conversion efficiency to 1.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}5}$.
Summary form only given. Various schemes of resonant frequency conversion using four-wave mixing (FWM) have been investigated recently. For example, sum-frequency FWM in Hg atoms has been used for generation of CW radiation at 121.56 nm, corresponding to the Lyman-/spl alpha/ line of hydrogen and efficient difference frequency mixing has been demonstrated in double-/spl Lambda/ level configurations of Na/sub 2/ molecules. We present novel investigations on the resonance structure of the FWM-spectra in the case of up-conversion in a double-/spl Lambda/ scheme realized in Na/sub 2/.
Nonlinear optical mixing of existing laser frequencies to access portions of the spectrum where lasing action is not easily obtainable is common practice today. Although nonlinear solid-state media are available [1] for frequency conversion from just under 200 nm in the ultraviolet to about a few microns in the infrared, the generation of widely-tunable laser radiation in the mid-to-far infrared and VUV regions typically requires four-frequency mixing in atomic vapors. In the past, frequency conversion in atomic vapors suffered from poor conversion efficiencies due to the small magnitude of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility and the difficulty in phasematching. We demonstrate a method [2] for performing four-frequency mixing which overcomes both of these shortcomings, allowing efficient frequency conversion with moderate pump intensities.