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Applied Physics Letters

Generation of cw VUV coherent radiation by four-wave sum frequency mixing in Sr vapor

Richard R. Freeman, Gary C. Bjorklund, Nicholas P. Economou, P. F. Liao, John E. Bjorkholm

Published Oct 15, 1978• 38 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The production of cw VUV coherent radiation by four-wave sum frequency generation in Sr vapor is reported. Significant enhancement of the nonlinearity at the output frequency is obtained upon application of large (∼50 kG) magnetic fields. Total power of 10−11 W (∼107 photons/sec) at 1700 Å in a bandwidth of approximately 6 GHz for input powers of less than 1 W was obtained.

DOI
10.1063/1.90523

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Magnetic-field-induced sum-frequency mixing in sodium vapor

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An experimental and theoretical study of magnetic-field-induced sum-frequency mixing in sodium vapor has been carried out using two single-frequency, continuous-wave dye lasers as the sources of the fundamental radiation. In addition to the usual two-photon resonant enhancement of the three-wave-mixing nonlinear-optical process, the use of near- or on-resonant single-photon transitions for further resonant enhancement was investigated. The macroscopic phase-matching behavior of the sum-frequency mixing was examined with the intermediate states off resonance. Experimental and theoretical results are presented to illustrate the differences that occur between the coherent quadrupole emission and the incoherent cascade fluorescence when the intermediate states in the two-photon absorption are resonant. Control over the single-photon resonant enhancement and the sum-frequency-mixing phase matching was achieved to increase the power conversion efficiency to 1.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}5}$.

Physical Review A•Feb 1, 1993•14 citations
The production of cw VUV coherent radiation by four-wave sum frequency generation in Sr vapor is reported. Significant enhancement of the nonlinearity at the output frequency is obtained upon application of large (∼50 kG) magnetic fields. Total power of 10−11 W (∼107 photons/sec) at 1700 Å in a bandwidth of approximately 6 GHz for input powers of less than 1 W was obtained.
An experimental investigation was made of resonant nonlinear four-wave frequency mixing processes involving cw laser radiation in sodium vapor. It was found that, in spite of an increase in absorption, the use of resonant atomic nonlinearities can substantially improve the frequency conversion efficiency in the cw regime. The results of the measurements were compared with the theoretical conclusions. Ultraviolet radiation was generated at the sum frequency ( λ s = 268 nm) with the proportionality factor C = W s / W 1 W 2 W 3 ≈2W −2
Coherent radiation at several wavelengths in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) has been generated by four-wave parametric oscillation in mercury vapor. When a powerful ultraviolet pump laser of frequency omega(p) is tuned to a two-photon resonance, VUV signal photons at frequency omega(s), as well as idler photons at frequency omega(i), are generated such that omega(s) + omega(i) = 2omega(p). A frequency-doubled dye laser tuned to two-photon resonance with the 6s6d(1)D(2) level near 280.3 nm produced output at 184.9 and 143.5 nm. A tunable krypton fluoride excimer laser tuned to two-photon resonance with the 6s10s (1)S(0) level near 248.7 nm produced output at 140.1, 130.7, 130.1, 125.9, and 125.0 nm. Approximately 1-microJ, 200-W pulses were observed at 143.5 and 125.9 nm.
An experimental and theoretical study of magnetic-field-induced sum-frequency mixing in sodium vapor has been carried out using two single-frequency, continuous-wave dye lasers as the sources of the fundamental radiation. In addition to the usual two-photon resonant enhancement of the three-wave-mixing nonlinear-optical process, the use of near- or on-resonant single-photon transitions for further resonant enhancement was investigated. The macroscopic phase-matching behavior of the sum-frequency mixing was examined with the intermediate states off resonance. Experimental and theoretical results are presented to illustrate the differences that occur between the coherent quadrupole emission and the incoherent cascade fluorescence when the intermediate states in the two-photon absorption are resonant. Control over the single-photon resonant enhancement and the sum-frequency-mixing phase matching was achieved to increase the power conversion efficiency to 1.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}5}$.