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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Degenerate four-wave mixing by nonlinear resonant reflection of radiation from cesium vapor boundary

Andrew E. Korolev, Vladimir N. Nazarov, Dmitry I. Staselko

Published Dec 16, 1992• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Results of experimental investigation of degenerate four-wave mixing by resonant reflection of single-frequency cw-semiconductor laser radiation from sapphire-cesium vapor boundary are presented. It is shown that characteristics of such mixing are conditioned by the peculiarities of formation and washing out of reflection dynamic gratings in a thin atomic layer

DOI
10.1117/12.131796

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Results of experimental investigation of degenerate four-wave mixing by resonant reflection of single-frequency cw-semiconductor laser radiation from sapphire-cesium vapor boundary are presented. It is shown that characteristics of such mixing are conditioned by the peculiarities of formation and washing out of reflection dynamic gratings in a thin atomic layer
An experimental investigation was made of resonant nonlinear four-wave frequency mixing processes involving cw laser radiation in sodium vapor. It was found that, in spite of an increase in absorption, the use of resonant atomic nonlinearities can substantially improve the frequency conversion efficiency in the cw regime. The results of the measurements were compared with the theoretical conclusions. Ultraviolet radiation was generated at the sum frequency ( λ s = 268 nm) with the proportionality factor C = W s / W 1 W 2 W 3 ≈2W −2
Degenerate four-wave mixing in sodium vapor is investigated using a flashlamp-pumped dye laser synchronized on a cw dye laser. At low atomic density, the reflectivity versus the pump intensity and the line shapes are in good agreement with theoretical predictions in the case of both plane waves and Gaussian beams. At high atomic density, reflectivities much higher than unity have been observed. The influence of the pump imbalance has been studied as well as the deformation of the wave front of the conjugated beam introduced by the pump beams. In the high-atomic-density case, the theoretical problem is more complex, and our experimental results exhibit only qualitative agreement with theory.
We have observed the reflection of a probe laser beam by a three-dimensional optical lattice of rubidium atoms. The reflection spectrum shows different kinds of narrow resonances which we attribute to degenerate (phase conjugation) and non-degenerate multiwave mixing processes. In order to explain the extremely narrow linewidth (300 Hz) of the degenerate four-wave mixing resonance and its dependence on the angle of incidence of the probe, we propose a novel physical mechanism which includes the formation of a long-range atomic-density grating acting as a hologram.
Resonant cw degenerate four-wave mixing signals usually are not observed at noncycling transitions in alkali-metal vapors due to population depletion from optical pumping. We demonstrate that frequent atom-wall collisions can overcome the effects of optical pumping when atomic vapors are contained in thin cells. Significantly enhanced degenerate four-wave mixing signals are observed at noncycling transitions, and they are comparable in magnitude to the signals observed at cycling transitions in thin cells. This technique extends the utilization of degenerate four-wave mixing to noncycling transitions in atoms or molecules.