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Optics Letters

Low-intensity degenerate four-wave mixing at the cesium D1 resonance in thin cells

David S. Glassner, B. Ai, R. J. Knize

Published Dec 15, 1994• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We observed low-intensity cw degenerate four-wave mixing at the D1 resonance in a 10-microm-thick cesium-vapor cell. Normal population depletion caused by optical pumping is alleviated by frequent atom-wall collisions. The reflectivity at the D1 resonance is approximately equal in magnitude to that observed at the D2 cycling transition under similar conditions.

DOI
10.1364/ol.19.002071

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We observed low-intensity cw degenerate four-wave mixing at the D1 resonance in a 10-microm-thick cesium-vapor cell. Normal population depletion caused by optical pumping is alleviated by frequent atom-wall collisions. The reflectivity at the D1 resonance is approximately equal in magnitude to that observed at the D2 cycling transition under similar conditions.
Resonant cw degenerate four-wave mixing signals usually are not observed at noncycling transitions in alkali-metal vapors due to population depletion from optical pumping. We demonstrate that frequent atom-wall collisions can overcome the effects of optical pumping when atomic vapors are contained in thin cells. Significantly enhanced degenerate four-wave mixing signals are observed at noncycling transitions, and they are comparable in magnitude to the signals observed at cycling transitions in thin cells. This technique extends the utilization of degenerate four-wave mixing to noncycling transitions in atoms or molecules.
The work reported here demonstrates for the first time degenerate four wave mixing (DFWM) phase conjugation in cesium (Cs) atomic vapor. The strong, spectrally narrow transition of cesium at 852 nm gives conjugate reflectivities up to 154% with low pump beam powers. Temperature tuning of the DFWM response over a 30 GHz bandwidth is also demonstrated. An improved experimental design to determine the DFWM angular response shows a field-of-view of 20 mrad at the half response points. Self-focusing effects are observed to be similar to those in sodium vapor with an onset of increased conjugate divergence for reflectivities greater than about 25%.
Degenerate four-wave mixing in sodium vapor is investigated using a flashlamp-pumped dye laser synchronized on a cw dye laser. At low atomic density, the reflectivity versus the pump intensity and the line shapes are in good agreement with theoretical predictions in the case of both plane waves and Gaussian beams. At high atomic density, reflectivities much higher than unity have been observed. The influence of the pump imbalance has been studied as well as the deformation of the wave front of the conjugated beam introduced by the pump beams. In the high-atomic-density case, the theoretical problem is more complex, and our experimental results exhibit only qualitative agreement with theory.