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Physical Review A

Nonlinear spectroscopy and optical phase conjugation in cold cesium atoms

J. W. R. Tabosa, S. S. Vianna, F. A. M. de Oliveira

Published Apr 1, 1997• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have employed a sample of cold cesium atoms in a magneto-optical trap to study nonlinear spectroscopy and four-wave-mixing optical phase conjugation using a noncycling transition. Reflectivities of the order of 1% have been measured for moderate levels of pump power and large angular aperture. In particular, we have performed nonlinear spectroscopy in a three-level V-type system and observed directly the ac Stark splitting of the cesium ${6\mathrm{S}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}$, F=4 ground state.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.55.2968

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We have employed a sample of cold cesium atoms in a magneto-optical trap to study nonlinear spectroscopy and four-wave-mixing optical phase conjugation using a noncycling transition. Reflectivities of the order of 1% have been measured for moderate levels of pump power and large angular aperture. In particular, we have performed nonlinear spectroscopy in a three-level V-type system and observed directly the ac Stark splitting of the cesium 6S1/2{6\mathrm{S}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}6S1/2​, F=4 ground state.
Summary form only given. Resonant cold atomic samples are known to provide an efficient medium for the study of nonlinear optical processes such as four-wave-mixing (FWM) and phase conjugation (PC). Although this system is frequently modeled as an homogeneous sample of two-level atoms, the actual nonlinear response strongly depends on the internal structure (Zeeman degeneracy) of the atomic energy levels and consequently on the polarizations of the optical fields. We have studied the spectra of quasi-degenerate PC on the 6S/sub 1/2/(F=4)-6P/sub 3/2/(F=5) transition of cold Cs atoms for different optical polarizations. The atomic sample was obtained in a magneto-optical trap. The spectra where recorded within a 1 ms time interval during which the trapping light beams were blocked and the quadrupole magnetic field was turned off. We used a backwards FWM scheme with two counter-propagating pump beams and a probe beam. The PC signal propagates in opposite direction respect to the probe beam. Typical PC spectra as a function of frequency offset are shown for probe beam polarization parallel and perpendicular to pump polarization. Large differences are observed between these two cases demonstrating the crucial role of the Zeeman degeneracy on the atomic response. The experimental spectra are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions for FWM generation in degenerate two-level atoms.
The work reported here demonstrates for the first time degenerate four wave mixing (DFWM) phase conjugation in cesium (Cs) atomic vapor. The strong, spectrally narrow transition of cesium at 852 nm gives conjugate reflectivities up to 154% with low pump beam powers. Temperature tuning of the DFWM response over a 30 GHz bandwidth is also demonstrated. An improved experimental design to determine the DFWM angular response shows a field-of-view of 20 mrad at the half response points. Self-focusing effects are observed to be similar to those in sodium vapor with an onset of increased conjugate divergence for reflectivities greater than about 25%.
We have studied a ladder and a Λ system on cold Cesium atoms released from a magneto optical trap. Probe absorption spectra have been satisfactorily interpreted in terms of a non degenerate three level model at low pump power. At higher power a sum of non interacting three level systems is adequate to predict line positions. An experimental test for a sum rule in nonlinear optics is presented and a novel type of dark trap that relies on electromagnetically induced transparency for a velocity selective storage in the dark state is demonstrated.