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Optics Letters

Simultaneous measurement of absorption lines for right and left circularly polarized fields using saturation spectroscopy

Jung Bog Kim, Jom Sool Kim, Hong Jin Kong, Jong Min Lee, Sang Soo Lee

Published Apr 1, 1991• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

By employing a Doppler-free saturation spectroscopic method, absorption lines for the left and the right circular polarizations have been measured simultaneously at the sodium D(1) line that was pumped by a circularly polarized beam. These experimental results are compared with theoretical results obtained with the velocity-selective optical pumping effect in a four-level atomic system. The effects of the pump-beam intensity on the signal spectra are also investigated.

DOI
10.1364/ol.16.000511

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Physica Scripta•Jan 1, 1997•29 citations
By employing a Doppler-free saturation spectroscopic method, absorption lines for the left and the right circular polarizations have been measured simultaneously at the sodium D(1) line that was pumped by a circularly polarized beam. These experimental results are compared with theoretical results obtained with the velocity-selective optical pumping effect in a four-level atomic system. The effects of the pump-beam intensity on the signal spectra are also investigated.
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The relative intensities of the Doppler-free signals of the 85Rb and Cs D2 lines in saturation spectroscopy, velocity-selective optical pumping (VSOP) spectroscopy, and polarization spectroscopy were calculated theoretically, taking into accont the optical pumping process in the Zeeman sublevels and arbitrary polarization combinations for pump and probe beams. Both circular and linear optical anisotropy induced by the pump beam were considered in the theoretical calculation. The magnitude and sign of the Doppler-free resonances in each spectroscopic method were quite different owing to the polarizations of the pump and probe beams. The theoretical results obtained from a single-cycle optical pumping in a four-level approximation were in good agreement with recent experimental reports.
Doppler-free spectra of linear and circular dichroisms for the hyperfine structures of Na D1{D}_{1}D1​ and D2{D}_{2}D2​ lines have been obtained by means of polarization-modulated optical pumping spectroscopy. The experimental results are compared with recent theoretical calculations based on velocity-selective optical pumping in a four-level atomic system.
The relative intensities of the Doppler-free signals in the transition from polarized and dispersive signals to absorptive signals of the Na D1 line are calculated theoretically from the approximation of a single cycle of opticalpumping in a four-level system. The transition from polarized signals to saturated signals is made by varying the angle of an analyzer. Since the signal in polarization spectroscopy is mixed with the signal in saturation spectroscopy during the transition, spurious signals due to saturation and polarization effects should be taken into account in the signal analysis of polarization and saturation spectroscopies, respectively. Both theories, of polarization spectroscopy and saturation spectroscopy are unified and applied to the Doppler-free signals of the Na D1 line. The results obtained from the four-level optical pumping theory which mixes polarization spectroscopy with saturation spectroscopy are in good agreement with experimental reports.
A theoretical analysis of the relative intensities of the Doppler-free signals in saturation spectroscopy, velocity selective optical pumping (VSOP) spectroscopy, polarization spectroscopy and a mixing of saturation and polarization spectroscopies is presented using the approximation of a single cycle of optical pumping in a four-level system. An optical pumping process in the Zeeman sublevels is taken into account owing to the important role of spontaneous emission even if the sublevels are degenerate. Arbitrary polarization combinations are considered for pump and probe beams. The similarities and differences between three kinds of spectroscopy are made clear. Both circular and linear optical anisotropies induced by the pump beam are considered in this theoretical calculation. The magnitude and sign of Doppler-free resonances in each spectroscopy are quite different owing to the polarizations of the pump and probe beams. The four-level system is important as a three-level approximation. The results obtained from the four-level optical pumping theory are in good agreement with experimental reports.