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Journal of Optics B Quantum and Semiclassical Optics

Studies on nonlinear coherent states

S. Sivakumar

Published Nov 21, 2000• 109 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Nonclassical states of light are of fundamental importance in quantum optics. The properties of these states are due to the quantal nature of the electromagnetic field. In recent years there have been many experimental demonstrations of the realizability of nonclassical states in various physical schemes such as resonance fluorescence, four-wave mixing, centre-of-mass motion of a trapped ion and manipulation of field in a cavity. It is of interest to introduce new classes of nonclassical states and investigate their properties. In this context, generalization of the concept of coherent states (CSs) has played a major role. New concepts such as the nonlinear coherent states (NCSs) and interference in phase space have emerged from such studies. In this tutorial review we are concerned with the construction of new classes of nonclassical states by generalizing the notion of CSs. Our investigations on the photon-added coherent states (PACSs) indicate that these states can be interpreted as NCSs. Also, we introduce a new class of nonclassical states related to the PACSs. Having introduced a realizable example of NCSs, we extend the notion of even and odd CSs to the case of NCSs by introducing even and odd NCSs. With this new definition we interrelate some of the well known states of light. We suggest a scheme to generate a class of even and odd NCSs in the centre-of-mass motion of a trapped, laser-cooled, two-level ion.

DOI
10.1088/1464-4266/2/6/02

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•Jan 1, 1999•20 citations
Nonclassical states of light are of fundamental importance in quantum optics. The properties of these states are due to the quantal nature of the electromagnetic field. In recent years there have been many experimental demonstrations of the realizability of nonclassical states in various physical schemes such as resonance fluorescence, four-wave mixing, centre-of-mass motion of a trapped ion and manipulation of field in a cavity. It is of interest to introduce new classes of nonclassical states and investigate their properties. In this context, generalization of the concept of coherent states (CSs) has played a major role. New concepts such as the nonlinear coherent states (NCSs) and interference in phase space have emerged from such studies. In this tutorial review we are concerned with the construction of new classes of nonclassical states by generalizing the notion of CSs. Our investigations on the photon-added coherent states (PACSs) indicate that these states can be interpreted as NCSs. Also, we introduce a new class of nonclassical states related to the PACSs. Having introduced a realizable example of NCSs, we extend the notion of even and odd CSs to the case of NCSs by introducing even and odd NCSs. With this new definition we interrelate some of the well known states of light. We suggest a scheme to generate a class of even and odd NCSs in the centre-of-mass motion of a trapped, laser-cooled, two-level ion.
We have introduced the notion of ‘four-photon nonlinear coherent states’ (FPNCSs) as right eigenstates of the fourth power of the generalized annihilation operator A4. It has been shown that there are four possible sets of such states which all can be expressed as the deformed Schrödinger cat type states derived from the superposition of four nonlinear coherent states (NCSs) which are π/2 out of phase. The nonclassical properties of the FPNCSs would be studied for two well-known quantum systems, a Kerr-like medium and a trapped laser-driven ion far from the Lamb-Dicke regime. We have found that the depth or the domain of the nonclassical features of FPNCSs in terms of sub-Poissonian photon statistics, higher order squeezing as well as amplitude-squared squeezing are higher than the corresponding standard states. Specifically, the proposed states in this paper exhibit sub-Poissonian statistics over an extensive range of real amplitudes which is in contrast with the lower level of sub-Poissonian characteristics of four-photon standard coherent states. Also the depth or domain of the nonclassical features of the FPNCSs can be modified by changing the magnitude of the nonlinearity parameters. Analysis of the quasi-probability distributions like Glauber–Sudarshan P-function, Husimi Q-function and Wigner distribution function verifies the nonclassical nature of the presented states. Studying the cavity field evolution in the interaction of a single two-level atom with an even NCS in the framework of f-deformed Jaynes-Cummings model shows that such a system can potentially be considered as a possible source for generating the proposed states.
We construct a class of nonlinear coherent states (NLCSs) by introducing a more general nonlinear function and study their nonclassical properties, specifically the second-order correlation function [Formula: see text], Mandel parameter Q, squeezing, amplitude-squared squeezing and Wigner function of the optical field. The results indicate that the nonclassical properties of the new types of even and odd NLCSs crucially depend on the nonlinear functions. More concretely, we find that the new even NLCSs could exhibit the photon-bunching effect, whereas the new odd NLCSs could show the photon-antibunching effect. The degree of squeezing is also significantly affected by the parameter selection of these NLCSs. By employing various forms of nonlinear functions, it becomes possible to construct the NLCSs with diverse properties, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the corresponding experimental investigations.
Abstract Generation of nonclassical states is a necessary requirement for all quantum science and technology protocols. In this regard, Schrödinger cat states, as quantum superpositions of mocroscopically distinguishable coherent states with equal amplitude and opposite phases, have been of great importance in recent years. In this paper, using some appropriate nonlinear optical media, a theoretical scheme is employed to generate various classes of cat-like states with the help of the connection between quantum and nonlinear optics. In fact, we have exploited a single simple method to produce even, odd and also Yurke-Stoler cat-like states by considering different input states such as coherent squeezed, squeezed coherent, photon-added coherent, pair coherent and trio coherent states. To achieve the purpose, we extensively use cross-Kerr interaction and its further generalizations to higher-orders. Projective measurement is the original conception behind the represented approach by which distinct types of nonclassical states are obtained. At last, we pay our attention to the unavoidable effect of field dissipation and show that in most of the above-studied states we may still achieve the cat-like states, however, with attenuated amplitudes.
Using the nonlinear coherent states approach, a general formalism for the construction of various classes of nonlinear trio coherent states in the context of multi-mode quantum states has been proposed. In particular, taking into account the most popular nonlinearity function associated with f -deformed coherent states, i.e. the nonlinearity function of the centre-of-mass motion of a trapped ion, it is illustrated that the corresponding trio coherent state possesses some interesting nonclassical properties. To establish this observation, sub-Poissonian statistics, three-mode squeezing, the behaviour of Vogel's characteristic function and the existence of entanglement are investigated. Due to the intrinsic non-classicality nature of the considered three-mode states, their physical production may be of high interest in the quantum optics field. Thus, we have finally demonstrated how nonlinear motional trio coherent states can be generated in three-dimensional anisotropic traps, appropriately.