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Physical Review A

Remote preparation of qutrit states with biphotons

Hideharu Mikami, Takayoshi Kobayashi

Published Feb 22, 2007• 54 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report an experimental demonstration of remote preparation of an arbitrary pure qutrit state. A qutrit is encoded in a two-photon (biphoton) polarization state. Prepared states are characterized by quantum state tomography. Experimental imperfection is discussed and evaluated by an experimentally obtained density matrix. The present scheme can develop into generation of an arbitrary two-photon triplet state and accordingly to an essential multiparty quantum communication protocol. Generalization to higher order which enables remote preparation of an arbitrary qudit state and several typical multiphoton entangled states is also shown.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.75.022325

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We report an experimental demonstration of remote preparation of an arbitrary pure qutrit state. A qutrit is encoded in a two-photon (biphoton) polarization state. Prepared states are characterized by quantum state tomography. Experimental imperfection is discussed and evaluated by an experimentally obtained density matrix. The present scheme can develop into generation of an arbitrary two-photon triplet state and accordingly to an essential multiparty quantum communication protocol. Generalization to higher order which enables remote preparation of an arbitrary qudit state and several typical multiphoton entangled states is also shown.
The novel experimental realization of three-state optical quantum systems is presented. We use the polarization state of biphotons in single frequency- and spatial mode to generate an arbitrary qutrits. In particular the specific sequence of states that are used in the extended version of BB84 quantum key distribution protocol was generated and tested. We experimentally verify the orthogonality of the 12 basic states and demonstrate the ability of switching between them. The tomography procedure is applied to reconstruct the density matrices of generated states.
Remote state preparation (RSP) provides an indirect way of transferring quantum information based on the nonlocal effect of quantum measurement. Although RSP has been demonstrated in recent years to remotely prepare multiphoton states, quantum measurement on the same number of additional photons was required, i.e., to prepare NNN-photon states via RSP, quantum measurement on the other NNN-photons was required, hence significantly limiting practicality and applicability of RSP. Here we report an experimental demonstration of remote preparation of three-photon entangled states by measuring only a single-photon entangled with the three photons. We further generalize our protocol to prepare multiphoton entangled states with arbitrary photon number and purity and to prepare a genuinely three-partite entangled state, both via single-photon measurement. As our RSP scheme relies on the nonlinearity induced by single-photon measurement, it enables quantum state engineering of multiphoton entangled states beyond the linear optical limit. Our results are expected to have significant impacts on quantum metrology and quantum information processing.
We demonstrate an experiment for remote preparation of arbitrary photon polarization states. With local operations, polarization measurement, and one way classical communication, any states lying on and inside the Poincar\'e sphere can be remotely prepared. For arbitrary pure states, the efficiency is 100% with a communication cost of one entanglement bit and two classical bits. For mixed states, polarization insensitive measurement is introduced and the classical communication cost is one bit. Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) is employed as an entanglement source. The remotely prepared qubits are estimated via quantum tomography process and fidelity between the experimentally prepared state and the expected state is considered to test the data. We achieve remote preparation of 13 states with fidelities all above 0.994.
We propose a deterministic remote state preparation scheme for photon polarization qubit states, where entanglement, local operations, and classical communication are used. By consuming one maximally entangled state and two classical bits, an arbitrary (either pure or mixed) qubit state can be prepared deterministically at a remote location. We experimentally demonstrate the scheme by remotely preparing 121212 pure states and 666 mixed states. The fidelities between the desired and achieved states are all higher than 0.990.990.99 and have an average of 0.99470.99470.9947.
By using a partial polarizer to apply a generalized polarization measurement to one photon of a polarization entangled pair, we remotely prepare single photons in arbitrary polarization qubits. Specifically, we are able to produce a range of states of any desired degree of mixedness or purity, over (and within) the entire Poincare sphere, with a typical fidelity exceeding 99.5%. Moreover, by using non-degenerate entangled pairs as a resource, we can prepare states in multiple wavelengths. Finally, we discuss the states remotely preparable given a particular two-qubit resource state.