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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics

Preparation of biphotons in arbitrary polarization states

L. A. Krivitskiı̆, S. P. Kulik, Gleb Maslennikov, Maria V. Chekhova

Published Mar 1, 2005• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An experiment on preparation of entangled photon pairs (biphotons) in an arbitrary polarization state is described. The biphotons are qutrits (three-state quantum systems). They can be used in ternary quantum cryptography protocols. A theoretically derived orthogonality criterion for the prepared biphotons is validated experimentally. The criterion can be used to identify orthogonal biphoton states.

DOI
10.1134/1.1901764

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An experiment on preparation of entangled photon pairs (biphotons) in an arbitrary polarization state is described. The biphotons are qutrits (three-state quantum systems). They can be used in ternary quantum cryptography protocols. A theoretically derived orthogonality criterion for the prepared biphotons is validated experimentally. The criterion can be used to identify orthogonal biphoton states.
The novel experimental realization of three-state optical quantum systems is presented. We use the polarization state of biphotons in single frequency- and spatial mode to generate an arbitrary qutrits. In particular the specific sequence of states that are used in the extended version of BB84 quantum key distribution protocol was generated and tested. We experimentally verify the orthogonality of the 12 basic states and demonstrate the ability of switching between them. The tomography procedure is applied to reconstruct the density matrices of generated states.
We report an experimental demonstration of remote preparation of an arbitrary pure qutrit state. A qutrit is encoded in a two-photon (biphoton) polarization state. Prepared states are characterized by quantum state tomography. Experimental imperfection is discussed and evaluated by an experimentally obtained density matrix. The present scheme can develop into generation of an arbitrary two-photon triplet state and accordingly to an essential multiparty quantum communication protocol. Generalization to higher order which enables remote preparation of an arbitrary qudit state and several typical multiphoton entangled states is also shown.
An arbitrary polarization state of a single-mode biphoton is considered. The operationalistic criterion is formulated for the orthogonality of these states. It can be used to separate a biphoton with an arbitrary degree of polarization from a set of biphotons orthogonal to it. This is necessary for the implementation of quantum cryptography protocol based on the three-level systems. The experimental test of this criterion amounts to the observation of the anticorrelation effect for a biphoton with an arbitrary polarization state.