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Optics Letters

Excited state Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filters based on indirect laser pumping

Longfei Yin, Bin Luo, Zhongjie Chen, Lei Zhong, Hong Mei Guo

Published Feb 4, 2014• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The direct pump method now used in excited state Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filters (ES-FADOFs) requires that the transition between the target and the ground state is an electric dipole allowed transition and that a laser that operates at the exact pump wavelength is available. This is not always satisfied in practice. An indirect laser pump method for ES-FADOF is proposed and experimentally realized. Compared with the commonly used direct pump method, this indirect pump method can reach the same performance using lasers at very different wavelengths. This method can greatly extend the wavelength range of FADOF and provide a novel scheme for ES-FADOF design.

DOI
10.1364/ol.39.000842

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The direct pump method now used in excited state Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filters (ES-FADOFs) requires that the transition between the target and the ground state is an electric dipole allowed transition and that a laser that operates at the exact pump wavelength is available. This is not always satisfied in practice. An indirect laser pump method for ES-FADOF is proposed and experimentally realized. Compared with the commonly used direct pump method, this indirect pump method can reach the same performance using lasers at very different wavelengths. This method can greatly extend the wavelength range of FADOF and provide a novel scheme for ES-FADOF design.
In this paper, we introduce by far the most promising schemes to realize excited state atomic filter. Excited state Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (ES-FADOF) with direct pumping, as the traditional method, provides a very direct way, while ES-FADOF with indirect pumping, as proposed very recently, provides much more choices. Moreover, induced dichroism excited state atomic line filter can provide much narrower bandwidth but lower transmittance. Based on the requirement of specific applications, different methods should be used.
An excited state Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (ES-FADOF) working at the optical communication wavelength (1.5 μm) is realized. Unlike the usual ES-FADOF schemes using an external frequency stabilization, an internal frequency stabilization scheme is proposed and the working atoms inside the filter are adopted as the reference. A particular cross line of multiple transitions is used for the frequency stabilization for the pump laser and thus, a higher pump efficiency is achieved. For example, compared with previous ES-FADOF schemes, this method can increase the transmittance from 10% to 60% at 100 °C. Moreover, in this scheme, the external frequency stabilization is not necessary and the volume of the atomic filter can be reduced. This simplifies the whole structure and a compact ES-FADOF can thus be realized.
Abstract A narrow linewidth Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) with reflection configuration is achieved for the first time based on the cesium (Cs) ground state 6S1/2 to the excited state 6P3/2 transition at 852 nm. Compared with the conventional FADOF with transmission configuration, reflection-type FADOF can greatly improve the transmittance of optical filter under the same experimental parameters, because it allows signal light to go and return through the atomic vapor cell. In our experiment, peak transmittance at Cs 6S1/2 F = 4–6P3/2 transition is 81% for the reflection-type FADOF, and while 54% for the transmission-type FADOF when the temperature of Cs vapor cell and the axial magnetic field are 60 °C and 19 G. The idea of this reflection-type FADOF design has the potential to be applied to the FADOF operating between two excited states to obtain higher transmittance.
Using a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) to build a Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) is a new method to realize narrow linewidth optical filters. In contrast to other atomic optical filters based on saturated vapors, which work at a relatively high temperature to maintain the atomic density, the HCL device using sputtered particles can work at a much lower temperature. In this work, a rubidium HCL-based FADOF (HCL-FADOF) working at 780 nm is established and carefully tested. With 20 mm cathode length, the transmittance can reach 29% under 18 mA discharge current and 260 G magnetic field at room temperature, which is equivalent to the performance of a saturated vapor-based FADOF (VC-FADOF) at more than 60 ∘C. This work provides a direct comparison of the performance of the HCL-FADOF and the VC-FADOF, which is of great benefit to further studies of atomic filters at normal temperature.
SummaryWe achieve the stabilization of the laser power using a cesium Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF). We measured the transmission spectrum of the FADOF. In the transition line of 6s2S1/2F=4→6p2P3/2for cesium at the wavelength of 852 nm, when the laser frequency is constant, the transmission of FADOF increases rapidly and then decreases as the probe laser intensity increases. The negative correlation between FADOF transmission and laser intensity can be used to stabilize the laser power. Therefore, we tune the laser frequency to the cesium 6s2S1/2F=4→6p2P3/2transition line, then the power of the laser passing through the FADOF is expected to be stabilized. This work can be applied to the precision measurement field, such as atomic clocks, atomic gravimeters, atomic magnetometers, etc.