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Applied Sciences

A Faraday Anomalous Dispersion Optical Filter Based on Rubidium Hollow-Cathode Lamp

Liang Shen, Rui Ma, Longfei Yin, Bin Luo, Duo Pan, Song Yu, Jingbiao Chen, Hong Mei Guo

Published Oct 12, 2020• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Using a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) to build a Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) is a new method to realize narrow linewidth optical filters. In contrast to other atomic optical filters based on saturated vapors, which work at a relatively high temperature to maintain the atomic density, the HCL device using sputtered particles can work at a much lower temperature. In this work, a rubidium HCL-based FADOF (HCL-FADOF) working at 780 nm is established and carefully tested. With 20 mm cathode length, the transmittance can reach 29% under 18 mA discharge current and 260 G magnetic field at room temperature, which is equivalent to the performance of a saturated vapor-based FADOF (VC-FADOF) at more than 60 ∘C. This work provides a direct comparison of the performance of the HCL-FADOF and the VC-FADOF, which is of great benefit to further studies of atomic filters at normal temperature.

DOI
10.3390/app10207075

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To obtain the weak signal light detection from the high background noise,a study on ultra-narrow bandwidth Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter(FADOF) at the 87Rb D1 line,5S1/2F=2→5P1/2 F′=1transmission(795 nm) is demonstrated experimentally.A sample cell filled with Rubidium atoms in which the proportion of 87Rb is greater than that of the nature rubidium is placed in a homogeneous magnetic field between two crossed Glan-Thompson polarizers.The incident probe light goes through the sample cell,and interacts with the atoms.Because of the Faraday rotation,the function of the filter can be realized.When the experiment condition changed,the result of transmission spectrum changed accordingly.With the temperature rising from 340 K to 360 K,the variation of the transmission spectrum is recorded particularly.And the reason for the variation is analyzed carefully.At a proper temperature and magnetic field,a transmission spectrum narrowed to ~220 MHz is obtained,and the peak transmission is about 48%.The performance of the87Rb D1 line is better than that of the 85Rb.

ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA•Jan 1, 2013•2 citations
Using a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) to build a Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) is a new method to realize narrow linewidth optical filters. In contrast to other atomic optical filters based on saturated vapors, which work at a relatively high temperature to maintain the atomic density, the HCL device using sputtered particles can work at a much lower temperature. In this work, a rubidium HCL-based FADOF (HCL-FADOF) working at 780 nm is established and carefully tested. With 20 mm cathode length, the transmittance can reach 29% under 18 mA discharge current and 260 G magnetic field at room temperature, which is equivalent to the performance of a saturated vapor-based FADOF (VC-FADOF) at more than 60 ∘C. This work provides a direct comparison of the performance of the HCL-FADOF and the VC-FADOF, which is of great benefit to further studies of atomic filters at normal temperature.
The Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF), which has acquired wide applications, is mainly limited to some gaseous elements and low melting-point metals before, for the restriction of the attainable atomic density. In conventional FADOF systems a high atomic density is usually achieved by thermal equilibrium at the saturated vapor pressure, hence for elements with high melting-points a high temperature is required. To avoid this restriction, we propose a scheme of FADOF based on the hollow cathode lamp (HCL), instead of atomic vapor cells. Experimental results in strontium atoms verified this scheme, where a transmission peak corresponding to the (88)Sr (5s(2))(1)S0 - (5s5p)(1)P1 transition (461 nm) is obtained, with a maximum transmittance of 62.5% and a bandwith of 1.19 GHz. The dependence of transmission on magnetic field and HCL discharge current is also studied. Since the state-of-art commercial HCLs cover about 70 elements, this scheme can greatly expand the applications of FADOFs, and the abundant atomic transitions they provide bring the HCL based FADOFs potential applications for frequency stabilization.
As a new, to the best of our knowledge, alternative to the saturated vapor-cell-based Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF), the FADOF based on a hollow cathode lamp (HCL-FADOF) not only enables the FADOF to work normally at room temperature without heating, but also has some new features due to the inherent characteristics of the HCL. In this Letter, we implement an HCL-FADOF operating on the rubidium D2 line and experimentally investigate the effect of ambient temperature on its performance and cold-start characteristics. Results show that the HCL-FADOF can provide excellent stability within a large temperature range, even at temperatures below 0°C. A comparison of the start performance between the HCL-FADOF and FADOF using saturated vapor cells is also provided. This work shows unique features of the HCL-FADOF in a low-temperature environment and its quick-start advantage, which provides a solid foundation for extensive applications.
We realize a Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) operating on the88Sr (5s2)1S0-(5s5p)1P1transition, utilizing a strontium hollow cathode lamp (HCL). At the magnetic field strength of 1460 G and the HCL discharge current of 22 mA, a single transmission peak with a maximum transmission of 28.8% is obtained. The dependence of transmission on magnetic field and HCL discharge current is qualitatively studied. This demonstration will be used to build a Faraday laser, which will be applied in the Sr optical clock.
Abstract A narrow linewidth Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) with reflection configuration is achieved for the first time based on the cesium (Cs) ground state 6S1/2 to the excited state 6P3/2 transition at 852 nm. Compared with the conventional FADOF with transmission configuration, reflection-type FADOF can greatly improve the transmittance of optical filter under the same experimental parameters, because it allows signal light to go and return through the atomic vapor cell. In our experiment, peak transmittance at Cs 6S1/2 F = 4–6P3/2 transition is 81% for the reflection-type FADOF, and while 54% for the transmission-type FADOF when the temperature of Cs vapor cell and the axial magnetic field are 60 °C and 19 G. The idea of this reflection-type FADOF design has the potential to be applied to the FADOF operating between two excited states to obtain higher transmittance.
To obtain the weak signal light detection from the high background noise,a study on ultra-narrow bandwidth Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter(FADOF) at the 87Rb D1 line,5S1/2F=2→5P1/2 F′=1transmission(795 nm) is demonstrated experimentally.A sample cell filled with Rubidium atoms in which the proportion of 87Rb is greater than that of the nature rubidium is placed in a homogeneous magnetic field between two crossed Glan-Thompson polarizers.The incident probe light goes through the sample cell,and interacts with the atoms.Because of the Faraday rotation,the function of the filter can be realized.When the experiment condition changed,the result of transmission spectrum changed accordingly.With the temperature rising from 340 K to 360 K,the variation of the transmission spectrum is recorded particularly.And the reason for the variation is analyzed carefully.At a proper temperature and magnetic field,a transmission spectrum narrowed to ~220 MHz is obtained,and the peak transmission is about 48%.The performance of the87Rb D1 line is better than that of the 85Rb.