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Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)

Laser Power Stabilization with a Cesium FADOF

Hangbo Shi, Xiaolei Guan, Zhiyang Wang, Zijie Liu, Xiaomin Qin, Zhihong Gao, Tiantian Shi, Jingbiao Chen

Published May 15, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

SummaryWe achieve the stabilization of the laser power using a cesium Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF). We measured the transmission spectrum of the FADOF. In the transition line of 6s2S1/2F=4→6p2P3/2for cesium at the wavelength of 852 nm, when the laser frequency is constant, the transmission of FADOF increases rapidly and then decreases as the probe laser intensity increases. The negative correlation between FADOF transmission and laser intensity can be used to stabilize the laser power. Therefore, we tune the laser frequency to the cesium 6s2S1/2F=4→6p2P3/2transition line, then the power of the laser passing through the FADOF is expected to be stabilized. This work can be applied to the precision measurement field, such as atomic clocks, atomic gravimeters, atomic magnetometers, etc.

DOI
10.1109/eftf/ifcs57587.2023.10272235

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SummaryWe achieve the stabilization of the laser power using a cesium Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF). We measured the transmission spectrum of the FADOF. In the transition line of 6s2S1/2F=4→6p2P3/2for cesium at the wavelength of 852 nm, when the laser frequency is constant, the transmission of FADOF increases rapidly and then decreases as the probe laser intensity increases. The negative correlation between FADOF transmission and laser intensity can be used to stabilize the laser power. Therefore, we tune the laser frequency to the cesium 6s2S1/2F=4→6p2P3/2transition line, then the power of the laser passing through the FADOF is expected to be stabilized. This work can be applied to the precision measurement field, such as atomic clocks, atomic gravimeters, atomic magnetometers, etc.
SummaryWe propose a potassium Faraday laser using a potassium atom-based Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) as the frequency selection element. By adjusting the transmission spectrum of the potassium FADOF, the potassium Faraday laser achieves single-mode operation, with the wavelength automatically covering all the39K D2 transitions. During free-running, the wavelength fluctuation is less than 0.4 pm over 3.5 hours measured by a wavelength meter, with the frequency stability of 5.70 × 10-10at 1 s measured by optical heterodyne between two identical systems. After using modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS) to stabilize the laser, the frequency stability is 6.22×10-13at 1 s. This potassium Faraday laser system is a desirable option for applications including potassium magnetometers, laser cooling and frequency standards.
A 459 nm Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) working at the side wings of the cesium 6S1/2→7P1/2 transition with weak oscillator strength is achieved. The transmittance of the higher side wing reaches 98% at a temperature of 179°C and magnetic field above 323 G. The experimental results coincide with the theoretical predictions in 1982 and 1995, which were not realized in experiments for over three decades. Due to its high transmittance, high accuracy, and narrow linewidth, the 459 nm FADOF can be applied in underwater optical communications, the building of active optical clocks, and laser frequency stabilization in active optical clocks.
We demonstrate a Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) operating on 5S(1/2)-6P(3/2) transition at 420 nm with a 5 cm long cell of 96.5% enriched 87Rb and measure the transmission as a function of the magnetic field and temperature. The isotope 87Rb FADOF achieves a peak transmission of 98% with a bandwidth of 2.5 GHz when the temperature of the isotope 87Rb cell is 280°C and the magnetic field is 500 G. The corresponding equivalent noise bandwidth is 5.9 GHz. The isotope 87Rb FADOF is applied to submarine communications, is used as the laser frequency stabilization for some atomic lines, and is also used as the pump laser in four-level Rb active optical clock.
Abstract A narrow linewidth Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) with reflection configuration is achieved for the first time based on the cesium (Cs) ground state 6S1/2 to the excited state 6P3/2 transition at 852 nm. Compared with the conventional FADOF with transmission configuration, reflection-type FADOF can greatly improve the transmittance of optical filter under the same experimental parameters, because it allows signal light to go and return through the atomic vapor cell. In our experiment, peak transmittance at Cs 6S1/2 F = 4–6P3/2 transition is 81% for the reflection-type FADOF, and while 54% for the transmission-type FADOF when the temperature of Cs vapor cell and the axial magnetic field are 60 °C and 19 G. The idea of this reflection-type FADOF design has the potential to be applied to the FADOF operating between two excited states to obtain higher transmittance.
The Faraday laser, with Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) as frequency-selection element, is a natural narrow-bandwidth light source for laser physic experiments. In this work, a dual-frequency (DF) Faraday laser is demonstrated for the first time on Cs D2 line at 852 nm. The frequencies of the two modes of DF Faraday laser hinge on the peak transition frequencies of 852 nm FADOF transmittance spectrum corresponding to the ground state F=4 and F=3. The frequency difference between the two modes is tunable over a range of 1.4 GHz with the temperature of Cs vapor cell inside the FADOF. The linewidth of each laser mode is less than 33 kHz. Furthermore, the most probable linewidth of the beat-note spectra between the two modes is 902.95 Hz at different vapor-cell temperatures. Such a DF Faraday laser has many potential applications in atomic physics, such as sub-Doppler spectroscopy and coherent population trapping atomic clocks.
The characteristics of cesium Stark tuned Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter(S-FADOF) at 459nm are theoretically analyzed.The transmission spectrum of cesium S-FADOF at 459nm is calculated,then compared with that of cesium FADOF at 459nm in the same condition.The influence of different magnetic strength and temperature on the transmission spectrum of cesium S-FADOF at 459nm is analyzed.The calculated curve of the central frequency shift of the transmission spectrum of cesium S-FADOF at 459nm as a function of electric field is also given.The results show that external electric field doesn't change the structure of transmission spectrum and only causes the central frequency shift which increases with the enhancement of the electric field.