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Journal of Optics

Effect of hydrogenic impurity on linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes in a quantum dot

Kangxian Guo, Zhongmin Zhang, Sen Mou, Bo Xiao

Published Apr 21, 2015• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The analytical expressions of linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes in a quantum dot with a hydrogenic impurity are obtained by using the compact-density-matrix approach and iterative method. The wave functions and the energy levels are obtained by using the variational method. Numerical results show that the optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes are strongly affected by the hydrogenic impurity.

DOI
10.1088/2040-8978/17/5/055504

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The analytical expressions of linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes in a quantum dot with a hydrogenic impurity are obtained by using the compact-density-matrix approach and iterative method. The wave functions and the energy levels are obtained by using the variational method. Numerical results show that the optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes are strongly affected by the hydrogenic impurity.
Simultaneous effects of an on-center hydrogenic impurity and band edge non-parabolicity on intersubband optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes of a typical GaAs/Al x Ga 1−x As spherical quantum dot are theoretically investigated, using the Luttinger—Kohn effective mass equation. So, electronic structure and optical properties of the system are studied by means of the matrix diagonalization technique and compact density matrix approach, respectively. Finally, effects of an impurity, band edge non-parabolicity, incident light intensity and the dot size on the linear, the third-order nonlinear and the total optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes are investigated. Our results indicate that, the magnitudes of these optical quantities increase and their peaks shift to higher energies as the influences of the impurity and the band edge non-parabolicity are considered. Moreover, incident light intensity and the dot size have considerable effects on the optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes.
The linear and third-order nonlinear optical absorption coefficients (ACs) and the refractive index change (RIC) for a spherical quantum dot, having a hydrogenic impurity under an applied magnetic field have been theoretically studied. In numerical calculations, a variational scheme is adopted within effective mass approximation to determine the energy eigenvalues for the impurtiy. The variations of impurity binding energy with the dot radius, the linear and nonlinear ACs and RIC with the photon energy are investigated and effect of homogeneous magnetic field strength is discussed on these optical properties. It has been found that the binding energy, ACs and RIC are sensitively dependent on the magnetic field strength. Moreover, the calculated results also indicate that the absorption peak energies move to higher energies with increasing magnetic field.
Analytical expressions of the optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes in a two-electron quantum dot with oscillating and linear confining terms are obtained by using compact-density matrix approach and exact analytical method. Numerical results on typical GaAs/AlGaAs materials show that, an increase of the confinements blueshifts the peak positions of absorption coefficients and refractive index changes. Additionally, an increase of the optical intensity and relaxation time considerably changes the absorption coefficients as well as the refractive index changes.
Intersubband optical absorption coefficient and refractive index changes of a weakly prolate ellipsoidal quantum dot, using the compact-density matrix formalism and iterative method, are investigated. In this regard, the linear and nonlinear intersubband optical absorption coefficient and refractive index changes of a GaAs / Al x Ga 1-x As ellipsoidal quantum dot, as functions of the dot radius, ellipticity constant, stoichiometric ratio and incident light intensity are calculated. The results indicate that absorption coefficient and refractive index changes strongly depend on the light intensity, size and geometry of the dot and structure parameters such as aluminium concentration in GaAs / Al x Ga 1-x As structures.
The effects of the hydrogenic impurity on the electron-related non-linear optical processes in a InAs/GaAs dome-shaped quantum dot with a wetting layer under applied electric fields are studied within the density-matrix formalism. The one-electron energy levels and wave functions are calculated using the effective mass approximation and the finite element method. The non-linear optical absorption, relative refractive index change and non-linear optical rectification associated with interlevel transitions are calculated under a strong probe field excitation for both in-plane and z-polarisation of the incident light. According to our results as the electric field increases the absorption and dispersion peaks decrease and exhibit red shift. Hydrogenic impurity located at the origin induces a blue shift in the optical responses. For the optical absorption coefficient the peaks magnitude is enhanced by the impurity presence independent of the electric field strengths, whereas the non-linear optical rectification is larger in the case with impurity only for zero applied electric field.
Abstract This study explores how hydrostatic pressure, temperature, incident light intensity, and structural parameters modulate optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes in GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As spherical quantum dots under the screened cosine Kratzer potential. We use the Nikiforov-Uvarov method to solve the Schrödinger equation to determine the relevant wave functions and energy levels. And using iterative method and density matrix theory, we derived analytical expressions for the optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes. The results of the numerical analyses demonstrate that both the structural parameters of the quantum dots and the external environmental factors significantly influence the optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes, with varying degrees of impact. It is particularly noteworthy that these factors are extremely important for modulating the peak amplitude and resonance peak position of the optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes, providing important theoretical basis for us to deeply understand and modulate the nonlinear optical properties of quantum dots.