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Modern Physics Letters A

EFFECT OF A CROSSED UNIFORM ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD ON LOOSELY LOCALIZED ELECTRON STATES

F. Kh. Chibirova, V. R. Khalilov

Published Mar 21, 2005• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An approximate analytic solution for the ground electron state is found to the Schrödinger equation for a combination of a uniform magnetic field and a single attractive -λδ(r) potential. The effect of the magnetic field on this loosely localized electron state is studied. We show that this effect leads to the appearance of the probability current density in some region centered at the point r = 0 as well as changing the localization region of electron in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field. The effect of a constant crossed uniform electromagnetic field on the loosely localized electron state is also discussed.

DOI
10.1142/s0217732305016695

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An approximate analytic solution for the ground electron state is found to the Schrödinger equation for a combination of a uniform magnetic field and a single attractive -λδ(r) potential. The effect of the magnetic field on this loosely localized electron state is studied. We show that this effect leads to the appearance of the probability current density in some region centered at the point r = 0 as well as changing the localization region of electron in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field. The effect of a constant crossed uniform electromagnetic field on the loosely localized electron state is also discussed.
An approximate analytic solution for the ground electron state are found to the Schroedinger equation for a combination of a uniform magnetic field and single attractive delta-potential. Effect of the magnetic field on this bound localized electron state is discussed. We show that above effect leads to appearing the probability current density in some region centered in the point of the delta-potential as well as to enlarging (for a number of physical models) the localization region of the electron in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field. We are expected that these properties can be of importance for real quantum mechanical systems.
This paper analyzes how the existence of electron spin changes the equation for the probability current density in the quantum-mechanical continuity equation. A spinful electron moving in a potential energy field experiences the spin-orbit interaction, and that additional term in the time-dependent Schrödinger equation places an additional spin-dependent term in the probability current density. Further, making an analogy with classical magnetostatics hints that there may be an additional magnetization current contribution. This contribution seems not to be derivable from a non-relativistic time-dependent Schrödinger equation, but there is a procedure described in the quantum mechanics textbook by Landau and Lifschitz to obtain it. We utilize and extend their procedure to obtain this magnetization term, which also gives a second derivation of the spin-orbit term. We conclude with an evaluation of these terms for the ground state of the hydrogen atom with spin-orbit interaction. The magnetization contribution is generally the larger one, except very near an atomic nucleus.
Quantum mechanically, an electron moving in a uniform magnetic field forms Landau levels. A curious feature is that for states with a negative angular quantum number, the total probability current vanishes, which appears to contradict the classical picture of cyclotron motion. While a geometric interpretation based on classical orbits exists, alternative interpretations remain of interest. In this paper, we examine the probability current density and identify a critical radius that naturally partitions the plane into an inner clockwise-flow region and an outer counterclockwise-flow region. We show that the vanishing total current results from an exact cancellation between these two regions. Furthermore, by defining a partitioned kinetic angular momentum with respect to the critical radius, we reveal an intrinsic competitive structure: the electron simultaneously carries two opposing rotational components. The negative quantum number manifests in the strength of the inner counter-rotation, while the net kinetic angular momentum remains positive. This bidirectional flow picture also provides a dynamical interpretation of the infinite degeneracy of Landau levels.