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arXiv:quant-ph/0407012

Effect of magnetic fields on bound localized electron states

F. Kh. Chibirova, V. R. Khalilov

Published Jul 1, 2004• 0 citations
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Abstract

An approximate analytic solution for the ground electron state are found to the Schroedinger equation for a combination of a uniform magnetic field and single attractive delta-potential. Effect of the magnetic field on this bound localized electron state is discussed. We show that above effect leads to appearing the probability current density in some region centered in the point of the delta-potential as well as to enlarging (for a number of physical models) the localization region of the electron in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field. We are expected that these properties can be of importance for real quantum mechanical systems.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0407012

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An approximate analytic solution for the ground electron state are found to the Schroedinger equation for a combination of a uniform magnetic field and single attractive delta-potential. Effect of the magnetic field on this bound localized electron state is discussed. We show that above effect leads to appearing the probability current density in some region centered in the point of the delta-potential as well as to enlarging (for a number of physical models) the localization region of the electron in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field. We are expected that these properties can be of importance for real quantum mechanical systems.
An approximate analytic solution for the ground electron state is found to the Schrödinger equation for a combination of a uniform magnetic field and a single attractive -λδ(r) potential. The effect of the magnetic field on this loosely localized electron state is studied. We show that this effect leads to the appearance of the probability current density in some region centered at the point r = 0 as well as changing the localization region of electron in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field. The effect of a constant crossed uniform electromagnetic field on the loosely localized electron state is also discussed.
We consider the one-dimensional gas of electrons interacting via an attractive δ-function potential. The attractive potential leads to the formation of Cooper-pair-like bound states with a spin gap. Without destroying the integrability, we introduce a finite concentration of mixed-valence impurities with two magnetic configurations of spin S and S + {{1}/{2}}, which hybridize with the conduction states of the host. We derive the Bethe ansatz equations diagonalizing the system for the correlated host with impurities and discuss the ground-state properties as functions of the concentration of impurities and the Kondo coupling. For a sufficiently large density of electrons the spin gap is reduced by the impurities and is closed at a critical concentration which depends on the impurity spin and the coupling strength. A ferromagnetic phase of unpaired spin-polarized itinerant electrons is induced for impurity concentrations larger than the critical one. The critical behaviour of the correlation functions is studied in the gapped and gapless regions using the mesoscopic energy spectrum and conformal field theory.
In studying the diamagnetism of free electrons in a uniform magnetic field it was found that reducing the field to zero in the wavefunction did not yield the experimentally indicated free particle plane wave wavefunction. However, solving the Schroedinger Equation resulting from setting the field equal to zero in the original equation did yield a plane wave wavefunction. This paradox was not found to be peculiar to the case of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field but was found to occur in a number of other systems. In order to gain an understanding of this unexpected behavior, the following systems were analyzed: the one-dimensional square well potential; a charged, spinless particle in a Coulomb field and in a uniform electric field; a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator; and a charged, spinless particle in a uniform magnetic field. From these studies the following were obtained: conditions for determining the result of reducing the potential in a wavefunction; the condition under which the potential of a system may be switched off while maintaining the energy of the system constant; the relationship between the result of physically switching off a potential, the result of reducing it in the wavefunction, and the solution of the Schroedinger Equation obtained by decreasing the potential to zero in the original wave equation; and a general property of any wavefunction with respect to reducing any parameter within this wavefunction.
The exact energies and wavefunctions for a system of (N − 1) one-dimensional fermions all of the same spin and one fermion of the opposite spin are calculated in the large volume, finite density limit, when the particles interact via an attractive delta function potential. It is found that the attractive potential gives rise to a bound state, but, in spite of the presence of this bound state, all of the physical properties which are calculated (ground-state energy, effective mass of a certain class of excitations, etc.) are analytic continuations in the coupling constant of the corresponding results in the repulsive case. In addition, it is possible to have eigenstates which do not have the bound state present. These excited states are also discussed and are found to exhibit a negative effective mass and to modify the particle density at very large distances from the different particle.
We consider an integrable model consisting of two one-dimensional parabolic bands of opposite mass (m=+or- 1/2 , respectively) separated by a gap, 2 Delta . The bands contain spinless fermions, one band corresponds to the conduction band and the other one to the valence band of a semiconductor or semimetal. The holes in the valence band and the spinless electrons in the conduction band are locally attracted via a delta -function potential. This model can be mapped onto the two-component Fermi gas with delta -function interaction, so that the two components label the bands: the chemical potential corresponds to a magnetic field, and Delta to the chemical potential. We use Gaudin and Yang's exact solution of the many-body problem to study the formation of exciton bands. The properties of the ground and metastable states, the excitation spectrum and the thermodynamics of the model are obtained. In the ground or metastable states the particles (electrons in the conduction band and holes in the valence band) are either paired in exciton bound states or unpaired. Their spectrum of elemental excitations is approximately parabolic. At finite T many-particle bound states (string solutions of the Bethe ansatz equations) can be populated; at low T these states are strongly delocalized and can be interpreted as electron-hole droplets. The low-T properties of the model are discussed.