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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR)

High-resolution coherent population trapping in sodium vapor

Koji Motomura, M. Fuchigami, Masaharu Mitsunaga

Published Nov 13, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Coherent population trapping signals were observed in Na vapor in a simple configuration of a single laser source with a frequency-swept double-pass acousto-optic modulator. This technique enabled high-resolution hyperfine Zeeman spectroscopy of Na atoms.
DOI
10.1109/cleopr.2001.971111

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Subkilohertz spectroscopy by coherent population trapping (CPT) has been performed in Na atomic vapor. The system employs a frequency-swept acousto-optic modulator for bichromatic excitation as well as a heterodyne-lock-in detection technique that permits the direct measurement of the CPT dispersion curves at a good signal-to-noise ratio. A CPT linewidth of -400 Hz was measured as well as a steep refractive-index dispersion of as much as 3.3 x 10(-10) Hz(-1), corresponding to a group velocity of 1800 m/s.
We report what is to our knowledge the first Dopplerless high-resolution optical spectroscopy based on unperturbed atoms left nearly at rest when a vapor cell magneto-optic trap is switched off. A λ = 285 nm beam excited the 3s → 5p transition in our sample of laser trapped/cooled Na atoms from which we collected fluorescence. Excited-state 52P3/2 and 52P1/2 hyperfine interaction constants are derived with 4- and 47-fold increases, respectively, in accuracy. Future prospects for vapor-cell-based optical spectroscopy and frequency standards are considered.
A brief introduction is presented related to three different approaches for Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) observation, namely CPT resonance prepared: (i) in degenerate two-level system, (ii) by coupling pairs of non-degenerate Zeeman sublevels of two ground levels and (iii) utilizing Zeeman sublevels within a single hyperfine transition. As an illustration of the first two approaches recent results concerning the CPT preparation on the first resonance line in Na and K are described. The first, to our best knowledge, CPT resonance observation on the second resonance line of K (violet, 404.4 nm) is reported. A transfer of the CPT resonance due to cascade transitions, without compromising its parameters, is evidenced. The presented results are promising for investigation of processes in atomic vapour and gas discharge.
A phenomenon observed in a simple experiment with a diode laser is found to be a basis for powerful spectroscopy. In this spectroscopy, the laser frequency is neither scanned nor modulated. High-resolution spectra in a wide ratio-frequency range, such as Zeeman and hyperfine spectra in both of the ground and the excited states, are observed simultaneously by frequency analyzing the intensity fluctuation of the light transmitted through a sample cell. Demonstrating experiments are carried out with respect to the D1{\mathit{D}}_{1}D1​ and D2{\mathit{D}}_{2}D2​ lines of Cs and Rb atoms.
We have shown earlier that hyperfine spectroscopy in a vapor cell using co-propagating pump-probe beams has many advantages over the usual technique of saturated-absorption spectroscopy using counter-propagating beams. The main advantages are the absence of crossover resonances, the appearance of the signal on a flat (Doppler-free) background, and the higher signal-to-noise ratio of the primary peaks. Interaction with non-zero-velocity atoms causes additional peaks, but only one of them appears within the primary spectrum. We first illustrate the advantages of this technique for high-resolution spectroscopy by studying the D2D_2D2​ line of Rb. We then use an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) for frequency calibration to make precise hyperfine-interval measurements in the first excited P3/2P_{3/2}P3/2​ state of 85,87^{85,87}85,87Rb and 133^{133}133Cs.