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AIP conference proceedings

Coherent Spectroscopy of Sodium and Potassium Vapour

G. Alzetta, S. Cartaleva, Silvia Gozzini, Todor S. Karaulanov, A. Lucchesini, C. Marinelli

Published Jan 1, 2006• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

A brief introduction is presented related to three different approaches for Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) observation, namely CPT resonance prepared: (i) in degenerate two-level system, (ii) by coupling pairs of non-degenerate Zeeman sublevels of two ground levels and (iii) utilizing Zeeman sublevels within a single hyperfine transition. As an illustration of the first two approaches recent results concerning the CPT preparation on the first resonance line in Na and K are described. The first, to our best knowledge, CPT resonance observation on the second resonance line of K (violet, 404.4 nm) is reported. A transfer of the CPT resonance due to cascade transitions, without compromising its parameters, is evidenced. The presented results are promising for investigation of processes in atomic vapour and gas discharge.

DOI
10.1063/1.2406014

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A brief introduction is presented related to three different approaches for Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) observation, namely CPT resonance prepared: (i) in degenerate two-level system, (ii) by coupling pairs of non-degenerate Zeeman sublevels of two ground levels and (iii) utilizing Zeeman sublevels within a single hyperfine transition. As an illustration of the first two approaches recent results concerning the CPT preparation on the first resonance line in Na and K are described. The first, to our best knowledge, CPT resonance observation on the second resonance line of K (violet, 404.4 nm) is reported. A transfer of the CPT resonance due to cascade transitions, without compromising its parameters, is evidenced. The presented results are promising for investigation of processes in atomic vapour and gas discharge.
We consider the coherent-population-trapping (CPT) phenomenon in a sodium atomic vapor. The experiment leading to the first observation of CPT is revisited with an improved experimental setup and a larger range of magnetic-field strengths. From the analysis of the ground-state hyperfine splitting as a function of the applied magnetic field, we conclude that we have observed the whole spectrum of dark resonances within the D1 line corresponding to the nonabsorbing coherent superposition of two Zeeman sublevels of two different components of the 32S1/2 level. This was not obvious a priori because the transition probabilities at high magnetic-field strengths, as applied in the experiment, have to be taken into account. The differences in the contrast of the various black lines are explained in terms of pumpings outside the interaction scheme preparing the nonabsorbing state. Possible applications of CPT in high magnetic fields are discussed.
We present the observation of coherent population trapping resonances on the second resonance line of potassium: 4s 2 S 1/2 → 5p 2 P 3/2 with wavelength of 404.4 nm.Moreover, a transfer of the coherent population trapping resonance occurs to the excited 4p 2 P 1/2 and 4p 2 P 3/2 states of the first resonance line due to cascade transitions.This transfer is evidenced by the observation of narrow resonances at the infrared 4s 2 S 1/2 → 4p 2 P 1/2 and 4s 2 S 1/2 → 4p 2 P 3/2 transitions when alkali excitation is performed at the 404.4 nm violet line.
The purpose of this communication is to summarize and compare the results obtained under the project "New all-optical systems and methods for magnetic and electromagnetic field measurement", financed by EC (contract G6RD-CT-2001-000642). The main aim of the project is investigation of the potential of different approaches based on the effect of Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) for magnetic field measurement. The investigated approaches are: (i) CPT prepared by coupling pairs of non-degenerate Zeeman sublevels belonging to the two ground-state hyperfine components of alkali atoms by means of polychromatic laser field; (ii) CPT prepared by coupling degenerate Zeeman sublevels belonging to a single ground-state hyperfine component of alkali atoms by means of single-frequency laser field of appropriate polarization at zero magnetic field (MF); and (iii) polychromatic laser field coupls pairs of non-degenerate Zeeman sublevels belonging to a single ground-state hyperfine level of alkali atoms.
Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) is observed on the first and second resonance lines of potassium, by irradiating the vapor by 770.1 nm and 404.5 nm diode laser light, respectively. With the 770.1 nm excitation, narrow CPT resonance is observed demonstrating 80 times larger contrast than in case of Cs vapor, in coated optical cell. A theoretical model is proposed to explain strong resonance contrast enhancement. Irradiating K vapor with the 404.5 nm laser, the CPT resonance is observed both on the 404.5 nm and 770.1 nm lines, which makes the study of various cascade transitions in potassium possible.
Coherent-population-trapping resonance in vapor cell is a quantum interference effect that appears in the two-photon transitions between the ground-state hyperfine levels of alkali-metal atoms and is often utilized in miniature and centimeter-scale clock devices. To quantitatively understand and predict the performance of this phenomenon, it is necessary to consider the transitions and relaxations between all hyperfine Zeeman sublevels involved in the different excitation processes of the atom. In this paper, we constructed a computational multilevel atomic model of the Liouville density-matrix equation for 32 Zeeman sublevels involved in the D1{D}_{1}D1​ line of 133Cs^{133}\mathrm{Cs}133Cs irradiated by two frequencies with circularly polarized components and then simulated the amplitude and shape of the resonance spectrum of the transmitted light through centimeter-scale Cs-vapor cells. We show that the numerical solutions of the equation and analytical investigations adequately explain a variety of the characteristics observed in the experiment.