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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Theory of excitonic Rabi flopping and quantum interference in single quantum dots

T. Takagahara

Published Nov 13, 2002• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. Semiconductor quantum dots are attracting much interest as a candidate to implement the quantum information processing and the quantum computation. In order to examine the possibility of the quantum state manipulation, we study the excitonic Rabi flopping and a new type of quantum interference phenomena in semiconductor quantum dots. One of the most striking manifestation of the quantum coherence is the Rabi flopping. The observation of the excitonic Rabi splitting in an InGaAs quantum dot was reported recently. Under the strong excitation of an excited exciton state in a single quantum dot, the luminescence from the exciton ground state shows a doublet splitting. This splitting can be interpreted in the dressed exciton picture. Namely, under the strong and resonant excitation of a particular exciton state, the ground state of the system splits into two levels. Then the transition from the exciton ground state to the split ground state results in the doublet structure of the emission spectrum.

DOI
10.1109/qels.2001.961793

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Summary form only given. Semiconductor quantum dots are attracting much interest as a candidate to implement the quantum information processing and the quantum computation. In order to examine the possibility of the quantum state manipulation, we study the excitonic Rabi flopping and a new type of quantum interference phenomena in semiconductor quantum dots. One of the most striking manifestation of the quantum coherence is the Rabi flopping. The observation of the excitonic Rabi splitting in an InGaAs quantum dot was reported recently. Under the strong excitation of an excited exciton state in a single quantum dot, the luminescence from the exciton ground state shows a doublet splitting. This splitting can be interpreted in the dressed exciton picture. Namely, under the strong and resonant excitation of a particular exciton state, the ground state of the system splits into two levels. Then the transition from the exciton ground state to the split ground state results in the doublet structure of the emission spectrum.
We discuss the Rabi splitting and Rabi oscillation of excitons in semiconductor quantum dots and clarify the fundamental physics and new characteristic features. These coherent optical phenomena are not restricted to semiconductor quantum dots and the predicted features would be observed also in atoms and molecules. The universality of the phenomena ensures the possibility for application to quantum state control and quantum information processing by optical means. We discuss briefly the mechanisms of exciton dephasing in semiconductor quantum dots in conjunction with recent observations of the lifetime-limited exciton dephasing time and show that the pure dephasing rate is very small but is not vanishing even at zero Kelvin.
A commonly observed quantum-interference phenomenon is Rabi oscillations—understood as a ‘quantum beat’ between two dressed states separated by the Rabi splitting (RS) energy in a driven two-level (artificial) atom [1]. It is a signature of quantum coherence fundamental to the manipulation of atomic qubits in quantum information processing, and has been observed in quantum dots (QDs) (see Ref [2] and references therein). Another quantum-beat phenomenon occurs due to interference between the excited states of a V-type atomic system and has also been observed in the transient decay of QD emission from a suddenly excited neutral exciton state X0—an effective V-type system due to fine-structure splitting (FSS). Despite much related theoretical work and the availability of various platforms in which V-type systems could be realised, the observation of Rabi oscillations in resonance fluorescence from a coherently driven three-level V-type system remains a fundamentally interesting open question. In particular, quantum interference involving both RS and FSS has not been demonstrated experimentally. Here, through detection of time-resolved resonance fluorescence from a QD neutral exciton driven in the Rabi regime (Fig. 1), we experimentally demonstrate triple-slit-type quantum interference in a V-type three-level artificial atom [3]. This result is of fundamental interest in the experimental studies of the properties of V-type systems and may pave the way for further insight into their coherence properties. It also suggests QDs as candidates for multi-path-interference experiments for probing foundational concepts in quantum physics [4]. [1] Haroche, S. & Raimond, J.-M. Exploring the Quantum: Atoms, Cavities, and Photons. OUP Oxford, (2006). [2] Dada, A. C., et al. Optica 3, 493–498 (2016). [3] Dada, A. C., et al. arXiv preprint arXiv:1703.02308 (2017). [4] Sinha, U., Couteau, C., Jennewein, T., Laflamme, R., & Weihs, G. Science 329, 418–421 (2010).
Potential application of elementary excitation in semiconductor quantum dot to quantum computation is discussed. Construction of scalable hardware and all optical implementation of logical gate that exploits discrete nature of electron-hole states and their well concentrated oscillator strenth for ultrafast gate operation are proposed. Rabi population oscillation of an excitonic two-level system in an isolated single InxGa1-xAs quantum dot is manifested by a quantum wave function interferometry in time domain, demonstrating a long lived coherence of zero-dimensional excitonic states and revealed the coherent population flopping under strong optical field. A phase-sensitive coherent gate operation on single-dot exciton qubit is demonstrated.