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Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements

Quantum efficiency measurement of photodetectors by means of correlated photons

G. Brida, Stefania Castelletto, Carlo Novero, Maria Luisa Rastello

Published Nov 27, 2002• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We report the first results concerning quantum efficiency measurement of photodetectors with the technique of correlated photons generated by parametric down conversion in a nonlinear crystal. Measurements have been performed on photomultipliers in photon counting regime and will be extended to avalanche photodiodes working as single photon detectors.

DOI
10.1109/cpem.1998.699934

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We report the first results concerning quantum efficiency measurement of photodetectors with the technique of correlated photons generated by parametric down conversion in a nonlinear crystal. Measurements have been performed on photomultipliers in photon counting regime and will be extended to avalanche photodiodes working as single photon detectors.
We report the first results obtained at the Istituto Elettrotecnico Nazionale Galileo Ferraris of quantum-efficiency measurements of actively quenched avalanche photodiodes in the photon-counting regime. The measurements were performed with the technique of correlated photons generated by a parametric downconversion process in a nonlinear crystal of lithium iodate, an absolute technique that does not require any standard. We pay special attention to the problem of alignment of the optical bench and to the implementation of a parametric amplifier scheme with a diode-laser source. The technique is described, and results of quantum-efficiency measurements of two photodiodes are presented.
The calibration of radiometric sensors is critical to ensure the accuracy of the remote sensing data and their usability.The current methods of the radiometric calibration are based on the establishment of high-precision primary standard and standard transfer chain,and the transfer chain is the main source of errors.The entangled photons-based theory creates a new technical way to realize the radiometric calibration of standardless transfer.The method of absolute calibration of photodetectors based on a nonclassical effect of the nonlinear optics in the photon-counting regime was discussed.The measurement was realized with the technique of entangled photons at 702 nm generated by a parametric down conversion process in a nonlinear crystal of BBO.The photomultiplier quantum-efficiency at the wavelength was measured during the experiment.It is estimated that the deviation is 0.1%.The technique is independent of any externally calibrated radiometric standards.
Single-photon detectors are finding increasingly wide application in all branches of science and technology thus a precise knowledge of their quantum efficiency is an essential prerequisite. We have performed the first proof-of-principle demonstration of a means to determine the quantum efficiency by which no second detector or reference standard is required. This absolute self-calibration method is based on the time correlation of entangled photons pairs emitted in spontaneous parametric down conversion. The measured quantum efficiency of a Si avalanche photodiode single-photon detector agrees well with the product specifications.