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Metrologia

Measurement of quantum efficiency using correlated photon pairs and a single-detector technique

A. Czitrovszky, Alexander V. Sergienko, Peter J. Jani, Attila Nagy

Published Oct 1, 2000• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A new approach is proposed to the calibration of photodetectors and the determination of the absolute value of the quantum efficiency of photon-counting photomultipliers using entangled-photon pairs. It is based on a new single-photodetector technique and a special modulation of the entangled-photon flux. The absolute values of the quantum efficiency have been determined for several photon-counting photomultipliers.

DOI
10.1088/0026-1394/37/5/62

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A new approach is proposed to the calibration of photodetectors and the determination of the absolute value of the quantum efficiency of photon-counting photomultipliers using entangled-photon pairs. It is based on a new single-photodetector technique and a special modulation of the entangled-photon flux. The absolute values of the quantum efficiency have been determined for several photon-counting photomultipliers.
The calibration of radiometric sensors is critical to ensure the accuracy of the remote sensing data and their usability.The current methods of the radiometric calibration are based on the establishment of high-precision primary standard and standard transfer chain,and the transfer chain is the main source of errors.The entangled photons-based theory creates a new technical way to realize the radiometric calibration of standardless transfer.The method of absolute calibration of photodetectors based on a nonclassical effect of the nonlinear optics in the photon-counting regime was discussed.The measurement was realized with the technique of entangled photons at 702 nm generated by a parametric down conversion process in a nonlinear crystal of BBO.The photomultiplier quantum-efficiency at the wavelength was measured during the experiment.It is estimated that the deviation is 0.1%.The technique is independent of any externally calibrated radiometric standards.
Single-photon detectors are finding increasingly wide application in all branches of science and technology thus a precise knowledge of their quantum efficiency is an essential prerequisite. We have performed the first proof-of-principle demonstration of a means to determine the quantum efficiency by which no second detector or reference standard is required. This absolute self-calibration method is based on the time correlation of entangled photons pairs emitted in spontaneous parametric down conversion. The measured quantum efficiency of a Si avalanche photodiode single-photon detector agrees well with the product specifications.
A new method of absolute measurement of photodetector quantum efficiency based on spontaneous parametric down- conversion (SPDC) biphoton field is discussed. The process of SPDC is studied theoretically. The single photon detection probability and two-photon coincidence probability are derived and the measurement principle of photodetectors is explained. An experimental system has been set up. The quantum efficiency of a photon-counting photomultiplier tube was measured, and the results were compared with that obtained using conventional method.