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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Current - Flux characteristics of a hysteretic asymmetric dc SQUID qubit

Hanhee Paik, John A. Matthews, S. K. Dutta, Huikai Xu, Roberto Ramos, Tauno Palomaki, Rupert Lewis, J. R. Anderson, Christopher J. Lobb, F. C. Wellstood

Published Mar 24, 2005• 0 citations
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IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity•Jun 1, 2003•2 citations
We show a novel method for controlling the coupling of flux-based qubits by means of a superconducting transformer with variable flux transfer function. The device is realized by inserting a small hysteretic dc SQUID with unshunted junctions, working as a Josephson junction with flux controlled critical current, in parallel to a superconducting transformer; by varying the magnetic flux coupled to the dc-SQUID, the transfer function for the flux coupled to the transformer can be varied. Measurements carried out on a prototype at 4.2 K show a reduction factor of about 30 between the 'on' and the 'off' states. We discuss the system characteristics and the experimental results.
A hysteretic dc-superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) is used to trace the flux characteristic of a tunable rf-SQUID, the basic element for the realization of superconducting flux qubits. This allows important simplifications of circuitry and electronics in developing devices for quantum computing, by eliminating the necessity of more complex magnetometers. A hysteretic dc-SQUID is usually operated as a comparator, distinguishing only which one of two adjacent flux states is occupied by the rf-SQUID. The necessary sensitivity, moreover, is usually reached only at temperatures in the mK range. However, by exploiting the statistical properties of the current–voltage curve in the region where the switching from the zero-voltage state occurs, it is possible to obtain an accurate tracing of the input flux, even at a relatively high temperature (a few Kelvin). In our case, the input signal is given by the internal flux of a tunable rf-SQUID, the building block of a flux qubit.
The flux state quantum bit (qubit) is promising for a solid state implementation of scalable quantum computing. The simplest flux state qubit consists of an rf SQUID with two fluxoid states, which can be readout with a dc SQUID - the most sensitive magnetic flux detector. Efficient readout with less back-action is desirable for quantum computing. In this work, we report measurements of the switching flux and switching current distributions of under damped dc SQUIDs. The data show that single shot readout of flux qubit with very high efficiency (>99%) can be realized using underdamped hysteretic dc SQUIDs.