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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Migration of energy between Yb3+ions in garnet crystals

Tasoltan T. Basiev, Yu. K. Voron’ko, T G Mamedov, Ivan A Shcherbakov

Published Oct 31, 1975• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The time and temperature dependences of the probability of deactivation of the excited state of the Yb 3+ ions in mixed yttrium-ytterbium garnets of various compositions were investigated in the temperature range 1.7–300°K. An analysis indicated that these dependences were governed by the excitation energy migration, which was the "bottleneck" in the process of nonradiative deactivation of the excited state. A strong rise (by more than an order of magnitude) of the migration probability was observed when the temperature was raised from 1.7 to 4.2°K. The diffusion theory, applicable to migration processes in the case of homogeneous broadening of spectral lines, was generalized to inhomogeneous broadening. The theoretical results were in good agreement with the experimental data.

DOI
10.1070/qe1975v005n10abeh012000

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Journal of Applied Physics•Jun 15, 1998•15 citations
The time and temperature dependences of the probability of deactivation of the excited state of the Yb 3+ ions in mixed yttrium-ytterbium garnets of various compositions were investigated in the temperature range 1.7–300°K. An analysis indicated that these dependences were governed by the excitation energy migration, which was the "bottleneck" in the process of nonradiative deactivation of the excited state. A strong rise (by more than an order of magnitude) of the migration probability was observed when the temperature was raised from 1.7 to 4.2°K. The diffusion theory, applicable to migration processes in the case of homogeneous broadening of spectral lines, was generalized to inhomogeneous broadening. The theoretical results were in good agreement with the experimental data.
Neodymium (Nd 3+ ) ions in mixed yttrofluorite crystals were excited by Y 3 Al 5 O 12 :Nd 3+ laser radiation. Luminescence spectra of these ions were recorded in 5x10 –6 sec after a delay time (relative to a short excitation pulse), which was varied within the range from 3 × 10 –5 to 2 × 10 –3 sec. The spectra recorded during the initial stages of the decay of the 4 F 3/2 metastable state were quite different from the spectra recorded under nonselective excitation conditions. The selectively excited spectra varied with time because of the migration of energy between metastable states but this migration was completed in a time of the order of 10 –3 sec at T = 300°K when the concentration of NdF 3 was 1 wt.%. The results indicated a correlation between the spectra of the energy levels of Nd 3+ in yttrofluorite crystals and structural disorder.
An analysis is made of the transfer of the excitation energy between trivalent rare earth ions in crystals. The multipole interaction mechanisms are considered and allowances made for the migration of the excitation energy between donor ions. The proposed model is used in estimating the probabilities of elementary energy transfer events, diffusion coefficients of excitations, and concentrations of quenching centers in the case of several rare earth ions in Y3Al5O12. A comparison is made of the experimental and calculated concentration and temperature dependences of the transfer of the excitation energy between trivalent rare earth ions in Y3Al5O12 crystals; the agreement between the calculations and the experiment is good.
Laser-induced grating measurements were made as a function of laser power and write beam crossing angle for various temperatures between 10 and 300 K on Cr3+ ions in Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG), Gd3Sc2Ga3O12 (GSGG), and GGG mixed with Ca, Mg, and Zr ions. Population gratings were produced in the Cr3+ ions, and the diffusion coefficient describing energy migration among the Cr3+ ions was determined from the grating decay rate. The energy migration was found to increase as the temperature was raised for GGG and to decrease with decreasing temperature for GSGG. This difference is attributed to the differences in the crystal field splittings of the excited states in the two hosts. Enhanced energy diffusion was observed in the multiply doped GGG sample. Contributions to the laser-induced gratings from absorption and dispersion changes were determined, and this was used to provide information on radiationless relaxation and excited state absorption processes. For long writing times, long-lived changes in the refractive index were observed and attributed to optically induced color centers.
The photoluminescence spectra of Yb-implanted InP samples were studied under pulsed and cw excitations using an Ar+-ion laser (above band-gap excitation) at different temperatures and excitation intensities. The photoluminescence spectrum of the 4f transitions 2F5/2–2F7/2 consists of a sharp peak at 1001 nm and broader peaks in the spectral range between 1002.5 and 1010 nm. Time-resolved spectra were recorded at different temperatures. Using a tunable Ti:sapphire laser (above and below band-gap excitation) the photoluminescence excitation spectra were investigated for different emission lines. Study of the rise and decay time under intrinsic excitation (band to band) show that the rise time is a function of excitation intensity, which reflects an indirect excitation process for Yb3+. The experimental data are explained using a kinetics model of energy transfer from the host lattice to the localized core excited states of rare-earth isoelectronic structured traps. The numerically simulated luminescence rise and decay times show a good general quantitative agreement with experimental data, over a wide range of generation rates. The photoluminescence spectra and decay time were also studied as a function of temperature. A quenching mechanism of ytterbium luminescence involving Yb and Fe ions is proposed. Finally, the electric-field quenching of InP:Yb photoluminescence is investigated.
Temperature dependence of an enhanced excited state absorption was investigated in erbium-doped garnet crystals using 787.3 and 787.8 nm laser diodes. The enhanced absorption was obtained at temperature ranges of 15–570 K, 15–420 K, and 15–1200 K in a yttrium aluminum garnet, a yttrium scandium gallium garnet, and a lutetium aluminum garnet, respectively. Absorption peaks corresponding to both the I1615/2−I49/2 and the I1613/2−I211/2 transitions of Er3+ in garnets were shifted from those for 300 K at high temperature. The enhanced absorption weakened at high temperature because an absorption cross section from the I413/2 level to the H211/2 level decreased due to the shift of the absorption peaks. It has been confirmed that a mechanism of the enhanced absorption can be explained by calculating the rate equations based on an analytical model for a five-level system of the Er3+ ion. It is suggested that the enhanced absorption weakened at temperatures lower than 12 K because the number of phonons decreased due to low temperature.