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Collisional Dynamics of the Rubidium 5(2)P Levels

Matthew D. Rotondaro

Published Aug 1, 1995• 5 citations
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Abstract

Abstract : The collisional dynamics of the 5(2)P levels in rubidium has been examined using steady-state laser absorption nd spectrally-resolved laser induced fluorescence techniques. State-to-state cross-sections for energy transfer between Zeeman split levels ranged from 16-248 A2 for collisions with nitrogen and rare gases. These energy transfer cross-sections exhibit a significant dependence on (J,mj) state and certain symmetry relationships are demonstrated. A sub-Doppler spectrum of the Zeeman split levels indicating the isotopic shift in the D1 line of 106 plus or minus 35 was obtained using laser saturation spectroscopy.

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•Jan 1, 1988•0 citations
Abstract : The collisional dynamics of the 5(2)P levels in rubidium has been examined using steady-state laser absorption nd spectrally-resolved laser induced fluorescence techniques. State-to-state cross-sections for energy transfer between Zeeman split levels ranged from 16-248 A2 for collisions with nitrogen and rare gases. These energy transfer cross-sections exhibit a significant dependence on (J,mj) state and certain symmetry relationships are demonstrated. A sub-Doppler spectrum of the Zeeman split levels indicating the isotopic shift in the D1 line of 106 plus or minus 35 was obtained using laser saturation spectroscopy.
The collisional dynamics of the Zeeman-split levels of Rb(52P1/2,52P3/2)\mathrm{Rb}(5{}^{2}{P}_{1/2},5{}^{2}{P}_{3/2})Rb(52P1/2​,52P3/2​) has been studied in the presence of a strong magnetic field (1.65 T) using steady-state, spectrally resolved laser-induced fluorescence techniques. State-to-state cross sections for transitions between (J,m)(J,m)(J,m) levels ranged from $1.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$ to $2.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ for collisions with nitrogen and rare gases. The cross sections indicate a significant dependence on (J,m)(J,m)(J,m) states and certain symmetry relations such as $\ensuremath{\sigma}(J,\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{m}{J,m}^{\ensuremath{'}})=\ensuremath{\sigma}(J,\ensuremath{-}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{m}J,\ensuremath{-}{m}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ and $\ensuremath{\sigma}(J,\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{m}{J,}^{\ensuremath{'}}m)=\ensuremath{\sigma}(J,\ensuremath{-}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{m}{J}^{\ensuremath{'}},\ensuremath{-}m)$ are demonstrated. The results also agree favorably with theoretical predictions of the relative decay rates for orientation, alignment, and octupole moment. The cross sections for rare-gas collision partners scale with polarizability as predicted.
The cross sections for excitation transfer between the 62P fine structure levels of rubidium, induced in collisions with ground state rubidium atoms, have been measured using a nitrogen laser pumped dye laser as the optical excitation source in a fluorescence experiment. Rubidium vapor was irradiated with each component of the 2P rubidium doublet in turn, and measurements of the relative intensities of fluorescence yielded the following cross sections: [Formula: see text] These results are consistent with the empirical relationship between the magnitude of the cross sections and the fine structure splitting that has previously been established for the alkalis.
Steady-state laser-induced fluorescence techniques have been used to study the rates for energy transfer between the 52P1/2,3/25{}^{2}{P}_{1/2,3/2}52P1/2,3/2​ levels in rubidium. The cross sections for collisions with the molecular species H2,{\mathrm{H}}_{2},H2​, D2,{\mathrm{D}}_{2},D2​, N2,{\mathrm{N}}_{2},N2​, CH4,{\mathrm{CH}}_{4},CH4​, and CF4{\mathrm{CF}}_{4}CF4​ have been measured as ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{2}{(}^{2}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{{P}_{1/2}}}^{2}{P}_{3/2})=10.0,$ 21.4, 13.2, 29.5, and $9.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1}{(}^{2}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{{P}_{3/2}}}^{2}{P}_{1/2})=13.9,$ 29.8, 18.4, 41.0, and $13.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2},$ respectively. Correlation of these spin-orbit transfer probabilities with rotational-energy defect is demonstrated.
The temperature dependence of cross sections for 52P1/2 ↔ 52P3/2 excitation transfer in rubidium, induced in collisions with CH4, CH2D2, and CD4 molecules, has been investigated using methods of sensitized fluorescence over a temperature range 300–650 K. The cross sections, which are of the order of 30 Å2 and which exceed similar cross sections for collisions with noble gas atoms by at least two orders of magnitude, exhibit an isotope effect which is ascribed to the phenomenon of electronic-to-rotational energy transfer.
Using an external cavity-tuned diode laser in Doppler-free saturation spectroscopy, we are able to resolve the weak-field Zeeman splittings in the hyperfine levels of the rubidium D1 line. The number of lines observed in the Zeeman structure of rubidium and their measured energy-level splittings are as expected from theory. The measured amplitudes of the saturated-absorption signals, crossover resonances, and velocity-selective optical pumping signals are used in the analysis of various theories concerning saturated-absorption spectroscopy.
Collisional excitation transfer and relaxation of K 5sp2\\sp2sp2P atoms in collisions with noble gases, as well as the radiative lifetimes of the K 5P, 6P and 7P fine-structure states have been investigated by methods of atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. Potassium vapour was mixed in a cell with a noble gas and selectively excited by pulsed dye-laser radiation to the 5sp2\\sp2sp2Psb1over2\\sb{1\\over2}sb1over2 or the 5sp2\\sp2sp2Psb3over2\\sb{3\\over 2}sb3over2 state in zero magnetic field and to the 5sp2\\sp2sp2Psb1over2−1over2\\sb{{1\\over 2}-{1\\over 2}}sb1over2−1over2 or the 5sp2\\sp2sp2Psb3over2−3over2\\sb{{3\\over 2}-{3\\over 2}}sb3over2−3over2 Zeeman substate in a field of 70 kG. Interferometric analysis of the fluorescence emitted from the directly (optically) excited state and that emitted from the collisionally populated states allowed the determination of the fine-structure mixing cross sections for collisions with He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe in zero magnetic field. Excitation transfer between Zeeman substates was investigated for collisions between the selectively excited 5P atoms and He, Ne and Ar atoms, allowing the determination of the multipole relaxation (depolarization) cross sections for dipole, quadrupole and octupole decay, as well as the Zeeman and fine-structure mixing cross sections and orientation transfer cross sections. A comparison of theoretical calculations with the experimental data has been made and the rate equations governing multipole relaxation and including effects due to strong fine-structure mixing on the multipole relaxation, have been described in detail. The radiative lifetimes of the individual fine-structure components of the K 5P, 6P and 7P states have been determined experimentally by means of time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence techniques. These data are compared with numerous theoretical calculations and the available experimental values.Dept. of Physics. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1988 .B474. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 49-04, Section: B, page: 1223. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1988.