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Physical Review A

Collision-induced transitions between the Zeeman-split (J,m) levels of Rb(52P1/2,52P3/2)

Matthew D. Rotondaro, Glen P. Perram

Published Sep 1, 1998• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The collisional dynamics of the Zeeman-split levels of $\mathrm{Rb}(5{}^{2}{P}_{1/2},5{}^{2}{P}_{3/2})$ has been studied in the presence of a strong magnetic field (1.65 T) using steady-state, spectrally resolved laser-induced fluorescence techniques. State-to-state cross sections for transitions between $(J,m)$ levels ranged from $1.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$ to $2.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ for collisions with nitrogen and rare gases. The cross sections indicate a significant dependence on $(J,m)$ states and certain symmetry relations such as $\ensuremath{\sigma}(J,\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{m}{J,m}^{\ensuremath{'}})=\ensuremath{\sigma}(J,\ensuremath{-}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{m}J,\ensuremath{-}{m}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ and $\ensuremath{\sigma}(J,\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{m}{J,}^{\ensuremath{'}}m)=\ensuremath{\sigma}(J,\ensuremath{-}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{m}{J}^{\ensuremath{'}},\ensuremath{-}m)$ are demonstrated. The results also agree favorably with theoretical predictions of the relative decay rates for orientation, alignment, and octupole moment. The cross sections for rare-gas collision partners scale with polarizability as predicted.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.58.2023

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Rubidium vapour, together with a noble gas contained in a cell located in a 4.75T magnetic field, was irradiated with light from a pulsed dye laser. This radiation produced selective excitation of the 6$\\sp{\\rm z}$P$\\sb{\\rm J,m}$ (J = 1/2, 3/2, m = $-$3/2, $-$1/2, 1/2, 3/2) Zeeman substates. Collisions of the excited 6P atoms with He, Ne and Ar atoms and the resulting Zeeman mixing produced a population in the whole 6P Zeeman manifold and resulted in the emission of a Zeeman fluorescence spectrum which was resolved with a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer, detected with a photomultiplier and stored in a multichannel scaler. The analysis of the fluorescence intensities of the components emitted in the decay of the directly (optically) excited state and of the collisionally populated states in relation to the noble gas densities, yielded the Zeeman mixing cross sections and the cross sections for the relaxation of dipole, quadrupole, and octupole moments.Dept. of Physics. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1991 .M544. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 30-04, page: 1359. Chairman: L. Krause. Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1991.

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Measurements of the Zeeman mixing cross section of (6)(2)P(1/2)Cs atoms, induced by collision with helium gases.

Ju Gao

Collisional transitions between Zeeman substates of Cs $\\rm 6\\sp2P\\sb{1/2}$ atoms in collisions with He atoms have been investigated by methods of atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. Cs vapour contained in a quartz cell together with helium at low pressure, was selectively excited by pulsed dye-laser radiation to the $\\rm 6\\sp2P\\sb{1/2,-1/2}$ Zeeman substate in a magnetic field of strength ranging from 1.5 T to 7 T. The fluorescence spectrum consisting of components emitted from the directly excited state and from the collisionally populated state, was resolved with a Fabry-Perot interferometer. Measurements of the relative intensities of the fluorescence components yielded the Zeeman mixing cross section for Cs-He collisions. It was found that the enhancement in the cross section varied as B$\\sp2$ in the range 0 $$ 5 T. A theoretical calculation of the magnetic-field enhancement of the cross section was also carried out, using time-dependent perturbation theory. The results of the calculation are in very good agreement with the experimental results at fields in the range 0 $<$ B $<$ 5 T, though not beyond 5 T where further theoretical work remains to be done.Dept. of Physics. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1993 .G365. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 32-02, page: 0636. Adviser: L. Krause. Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1993.

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The collisional dynamics of the Zeeman-split levels of Rb(52P1/2,52P3/2)\mathrm{Rb}(5{}^{2}{P}_{1/2},5{}^{2}{P}_{3/2})Rb(52P1/2​,52P3/2​) has been studied in the presence of a strong magnetic field (1.65 T) using steady-state, spectrally resolved laser-induced fluorescence techniques. State-to-state cross sections for transitions between (J,m)(J,m)(J,m) levels ranged from 1.6\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi10\ensuremath−151.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}1.6\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi10\ensuremath−15 to 2.5\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi10\ensuremath−14cm22.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}2.5\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi10\ensuremath−14cm2 for collisions with nitrogen and rare gases. The cross sections indicate a significant dependence on (J,m)(J,m)(J,m) states and certain symmetry relations such as \ensuremathσ(J,m\ensuremath→J,m\ensuremath′)=\ensuremathσ(J,\ensuremath−m\ensuremath→J,\ensuremath−m\ensuremath′)\ensuremath{\sigma}(J,\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{m}{J,m}^{\ensuremath{'}})=\ensuremath{\sigma}(J,\ensuremath{-}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{m}J,\ensuremath{-}{m}^{\ensuremath{'}})\ensuremathσ(J,m\ensuremath→J,m\ensuremath′)=\ensuremathσ(J,\ensuremath−m\ensuremath→J,\ensuremath−m\ensuremath′) and \ensuremathσ(J,m\ensuremath→J,\ensuremath′m)=\ensuremathσ(J,\ensuremath−m\ensuremath→J\ensuremath′,\ensuremath−m)\ensuremath{\sigma}(J,\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{m}{J,}^{\ensuremath{'}}m)=\ensuremath{\sigma}(J,\ensuremath{-}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{m}{J}^{\ensuremath{'}},\ensuremath{-}m)\ensuremathσ(J,m\ensuremath→J,\ensuremath′m)=\ensuremathσ(J,\ensuremath−m\ensuremath→J\ensuremath′,\ensuremath−m) are demonstrated. The results also agree favorably with theoretical predictions of the relative decay rates for orientation, alignment, and octupole moment. The cross sections for rare-gas collision partners scale with polarizability as predicted.
Abstract : The collisional dynamics of the 5(2)P levels in rubidium has been examined using steady-state laser absorption nd spectrally-resolved laser induced fluorescence techniques. State-to-state cross-sections for energy transfer between Zeeman split levels ranged from 16-248 A2 for collisions with nitrogen and rare gases. These energy transfer cross-sections exhibit a significant dependence on (J,mj) state and certain symmetry relationships are demonstrated. A sub-Doppler spectrum of the Zeeman split levels indicating the isotopic shift in the D1 line of 106 plus or minus 35 was obtained using laser saturation spectroscopy.
Transitions between the Zeeman substates of Cs 6 2P1/2^{2}\mathrm{P}_{1/2}2P1/2​ and Rb 5 2^{2}2P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​ atoms, induced in collisions with He atoms, have been investigated experimentally by methods of atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. The collision process has also been studied theoretically with time-dependent perturbation theory. Cs or Rb vapor contained in a quartz cell together with helium at low pressure was selectively excited by pulsed dye-laser radiation to the 2^{2}2${\mathit{P}}_{1/2,\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1/2}$ Zeeman substate in a magnetic field ranging from 1.5 T to 7 T. The fluorescence spectrum, consisting of components emitted from the directly excited state and from the collisionally populated state, was resolved with a Fabry-P\'erot interferometer. Measurements of the relative intensities of the fluorescence components yielded the Zeeman mixing cross section for Cs-He and Rb-He collisions. It was found that the Cs 6 2^{2}2P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​ cross section varied approximately as B2{\mathit{B}}^{2}B2 in the range 0B0.76 T, showed a much weaker field dependence in the range from 0.76 T to 5 T, where it peaked, and declined slightly at B>5 T. The Rb 5 2^{2}2P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​ cross section did not exhibit any variation with B. A theoretical calculation of the Cs cross section carried out using time-dependent perturbation theory explains the magnetic-field enhancement in terms of the minute magnetic-field-induced mixing of the P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​ and P3/2{\mathit{P}}_{3/2}P3/2​ states and the resulting breaking of time-reversal symmetry. The results of the calculation are in good agreement with the experimental results at fields in the range 0B5 T.
Steady-state laser-induced fluorescence techniques have been used to study the rates for energy transfer between the 52P1/2,3/25{}^{2}{P}_{1/2,3/2}52P1/2,3/2​ levels in rubidium. The cross sections for collisions with the molecular species H2,{\mathrm{H}}_{2},H2​, D2,{\mathrm{D}}_{2},D2​, N2,{\mathrm{N}}_{2},N2​, CH4,{\mathrm{CH}}_{4},CH4​, and CF4{\mathrm{CF}}_{4}CF4​ have been measured as ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{2}{(}^{2}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{{P}_{1/2}}}^{2}{P}_{3/2})=10.0,$ 21.4, 13.2, 29.5, and $9.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1}{(}^{2}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{{P}_{3/2}}}^{2}{P}_{1/2})=13.9,$ 29.8, 18.4, 41.0, and $13.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2},$ respectively. Correlation of these spin-orbit transfer probabilities with rotational-energy defect is demonstrated.
The cross sections for disorientation of magnetically oriented 62P126^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}62P21​​ cesium atoms, induced in collisions with noble gases, have been determined using Zeeman-scanning techniques at kilogauss magnetic fields. The ${m}_{J}=\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}$, ${m}_{I}=\ensuremath{-}\frac{7}{2}$ hyperfine Zeeman substate was populated selectively by irradiating the cesium-vapor-noble-gas mixture with cesium-resonance radiation, and collisional transitions to the mJ=+12{m}_{J}=+\frac{1}{2}mJ​=+21​, ${m}_{I}=\ensuremath{-}\frac{7}{2}$ substate were monitored by measurements of the relative intensities of the ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{+}$ components in resonance fluorescence observed in the direction parallel to the magnetic field. The following cross sections were obtained: Cs-He, 11.8 A˚2{\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}A˚2; Cs-Ne, 4.7 A˚2{\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}A˚2; Cs-Ar, 10.7 A˚2{\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}A˚2; Cs-Kr, 37.9 A˚2{\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}A˚2; Cs-Xe, 71.7 A˚2{\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}A˚2.
Rubidium vapour, together with a noble gas contained in a cell located in a 4.75T magnetic field, was irradiated with light from a pulsed dye laser. This radiation produced selective excitation of the 6sprmz\\sp{\\rm z}sprmzPsbrmJ,m\\sb{\\rm J,m}sbrmJ,m (J = 1/2, 3/2, m = $-$3/2, $-$1/2, 1/2, 3/2) Zeeman substates. Collisions of the excited 6P atoms with He, Ne and Ar atoms and the resulting Zeeman mixing produced a population in the whole 6P Zeeman manifold and resulted in the emission of a Zeeman fluorescence spectrum which was resolved with a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer, detected with a photomultiplier and stored in a multichannel scaler. The analysis of the fluorescence intensities of the components emitted in the decay of the directly (optically) excited state and of the collisionally populated states in relation to the noble gas densities, yielded the Zeeman mixing cross sections and the cross sections for the relaxation of dipole, quadrupole, and octupole moments.Dept. of Physics. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1991 .M544. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 30-04, page: 1359. Chairman: L. Krause. Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1991.
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