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IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity

Broadband detection properties of EuBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-δ/ array junctions

Koji Tsuru, Mineharu Suzuki, Osamu Michikami

Published Jun 1, 1995• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have fabricated EuBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// Josephson junction arrays of two different sizes to improve detection output and microwave coupling between junctions and an rf source. The arrays contain three weak link grain boundary junctions made on an MgO bicrystal substrate. It is demonstrated that both the junction array configuration and smaller junction size are effective in improving microwave coupling and hence in increasing the responsivity. The best responsivity obtained is 1085 V/W for broadband detection at 11.9 GHz.>

DOI
10.1109/77.403292

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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics•Aug 1, 1996•1 citation
We have fabricated EuBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// Josephson junction arrays of two different sizes to improve detection output and microwave coupling between junctions and an rf source. The arrays contain three weak link grain boundary junctions made on an MgO bicrystal substrate. It is demonstrated that both the junction array configuration and smaller junction size are effective in improving microwave coupling and hence in increasing the responsivity. The best responsivity obtained is 1085 V/W for broadband detection at 11.9 GHz.>
We report the millimeter wave mixing properties of high-T c superconductor Josephson junction arrays using a waveguide-to-microstrip converter in the 100 GHz frequency range. The junction arrays consist of 3 weak links fabricated from EuBa2Cu3O7-δ thin films grown on an MgO bicrystal substrate. In these junction arrays, Shapiro steps are observed in the presence of 100 GHz irradiation at intervals of 3 times the fundamental step voltage. Millimeter wave mixing with an input local oscillator frequency of 99.142 GHz and an input signal frequency of 99.880 GHz is detected as the IF output at 738 MHz. The IF output power peaks at voltages corresponding to those of the dynamic resistance dV/ dI. A mixing conversion efficiency of -24.1 dB is obtained for a 3-junction array.
Detectors made from superconducting cuprate YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub x/ bicrystal Josephson junctions (BJJs) on sapphire and NdGaO/sub 3/ substrates have been fabricated and characterized in the frequency band 200-900 GHz. Junctions on sapphire substrates had a normal state resistance R/sub N//spl ap/15-60 /spl Omega/, and I/sub C/R/sub N/ product up to 2.5 mV at T=4.2 K. Junctions on NdGaO/sub 3/ substrates had lower R/sub N/=1-5 /spl Omega/ and I/sub C/R/sub N/=0.4-0.9 mV at T=77 K. Three types of detecting devices have been investigated in both the broadband and the frequency-selective detection modes. One type was patterned with log-periodic antenna, and two others with Pt-metal double-slot antenna designed for a central frequency f=300 GHz and f=400 GHz, respectively. Measurements at f=320 GHz of the reception bandwidth /spl Delta/f for a device with double-slot antenna gave a quality factor Q=f//spl Delta/f/spl ap/10. A low-noise cooled 1-2 GHz bandwidth amplifier enables a better sensitivity in the self-pumping frequency mixing mode, avoiding the 1/f noise. The dependence of the spectral density of noise on voltage was compared to the data for the Josephson emission linewidth obtained by the selective detector response method. Also discussed are measurements at 500 GHz of the NEP values carried out at different experimental conditions.
We have developed a unique substrate terracing process to achieve two-dimensional arrays of high-T/sub c/ step-edge superconductor-normal metal-superconductor Josephson junctions. This process has been used to realize 3/spl times/3 and 3/spl times/6 antenna coupled arrays for direct detection of emission. An enhancement to this process incorporating a YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// base layer and a Nb/PdAu ground plane is described. This modification enabled the fabrication of arrays capacitively coupled to detector junctions for detection of emission at frequencies beyond 300 GHz. This report details the motivation, design, fabrication process, and preliminary results of several array experiments.>
Modeling of a broadband receiving system based on a meander series of Josephson YBaCuO grain boundary junctions integrated into a log-periodic antenna was carried out. The electromagnetic properties of the system, namely amplitude–frequency characteristic, beam pattern, and fraction of the absorbed power in each Josephson junction were investigated. Based on the obtained results, a numerical simulation of one-dimensional arrays was carried out. The dc characteristics of the detector were calculated, that is, current–voltage characteristic, responsivity, noise, and noise-equivalent power (NEP) for a 250 GHz external signal. The optimal number of junctions to obtain the minimum NEP was found. The use of a series of junctions allows one to increase the responsivity by a factor of 2.5, the NEP value by a factor of 1.5, and the power dynamic range by a factor of 5. For typical YBaCuO Josephson junctions fabricated on a ZrYO bicrystal substrate by magnetron deposition, the following parameters were obtained at a temperature of 77 K: responsivity = 9 kV/W; NEP = 3·10−13 W/Hz(1/2); power dynamic range = 1·106.
Effects on microwave detection of a series-connected Josephson junction array are examined. The series-connected 10 step-edge Josephson junctions (10-SEJJs) are fabricated by Y1Ba2Cu3O7- x thin films on MgO substrates. Their responsivities as microwave broad-band detectors are evaluated by constructing microstrip circuits for measuring transmission and return power. 948 V/W is obtained at 17 K. This value is several times greater than 139 V/W of a single SEJJ at 17 K. Additionally, the return power from 10-SEJJs is less than that from the single SEJJ, as the bias current or the temperature increases. The small return power is attributed to the increase in the normal resistance of the SEJJ.