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IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity

High frequency detector response from an array of HTSC bicrystal Josephson junctions

K. Y. Constantinian, A.D. Mashtakov, G. A. Ovsyannikov, Kiejin Lee, Ienari Iguchi

Published Jun 1, 1999• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

YBaCuO Josephson junction arrays, fabricated on MgO bicrystal substrates were studied in wide frequency range at 7-26 GHz, 45-120 GHz, and at submillimeter 470-510 GHz waves. Subharmonic fractional Shapiro steps have been observed with amplitudes increasing with frequency of applied microwaves. Mm and submm wave harmonic and subharmonic selective detector response signals were registered when dc magnetic field was applied.

DOI
10.1109/77.783648

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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics•Dec 1, 1996•1 citation
YBaCuO Josephson junction arrays, fabricated on MgO bicrystal substrates were studied in wide frequency range at 7-26 GHz, 45-120 GHz, and at submillimeter 470-510 GHz waves. Subharmonic fractional Shapiro steps have been observed with amplitudes increasing with frequency of applied microwaves. Mm and submm wave harmonic and subharmonic selective detector response signals were registered when dc magnetic field was applied.
We have investigated the mutual phase interaction between a single detector junction and a phase-locked three-junction array of high-T/sub c/ Josephson junctions. The YBCO Josephson junctions were fabricated on a MgO bicrystal substrate. In the array junction structure, the dc bias current was fed to the junction array having parallel geometry with each pair of junctions shunted by a superconducting coplanar microstrip superconducting loop. The configuration of bias leads was a series connection of interlocking dc SQUIDs geometry which enables all junctions to oscillate at the same frequency. We measured the radiation power of a Josephson-junction array using an off-chip coupled to a radiometer and on-chip coupled to a single junction from centimeter- to millimeter-wave ranges. Clear self-induced Shapiro steps were observed in the current-voltage curves of the detector junction. The power transfered to the single detector junction was estimated from the modulation of Shapiro step height. The maximum detected power level was about 7 nW at frequency 150-250 GHz. The Josephson oscillation power excited the resonant mode coupled to the coplanar microstrip loops.
We fabricated a Josephson junction array with an additional inductive coupling line to detect the high frequency and power of Josephson self-radiation. The YBa2Cu3O y Josephson junctions are fabricated by a pulsed laser deposition method on bicrystal MgO substrates. We measured the submillimeter wave and the Josephson self-radiation power in an external waveguide system. The Josephson junction arrays showed the resistively shunted junction (RSJ)-like current–voltage characteristics and good frequency-locking of Josephson self-radiation. As the number of Josephson junctions increased, the maximum detected power was increased. We observed the maximum frequency of above 6 THz for Josephson self-radiation in the array with 11 Josephson junctions from the Shapiro steps under 22 GHz irradiation.
A Josephson quasioptical detector comprising YBaCuO junction on bicrystal MgO substrate, integrated log-periodic Au antenna, MgO extended hyperhemisphere lens attached to the substrate and 1.4 GHz cold amplifier with cold circulator has been designed, fabricated and experimentally studied. We fabricated several integrated Josephson junctions 1-2 /spl mu/m wide which at 4.2 K demonstrate RSJ IV curves with critical currents 100-300 /spl mu/A and normal resistance of 10-20 /spl Omega/. The noise temperature (T/sub N/) at 4.2 K and 330 GHz measured by a hot/cold load method in fundamental mixing mode with external BWO local oscillator brings T/sub N/=1100 K for the junction shunted by low-inductance resistive shunt and T/sub N/=1400 K without shunting. At bath temperatures of 20-40 K the noise temperature was in the range 1500-3000 K, at 50 K the noise temperature was below 2000 K, and at 60-70 K increased over 3000 K in the frequency range 310-586 GHz. The noise temperatures measured in the self-pumping mode vary between 580-2300 K with dc bias in the range 0.1-0.5 mV. The linewidth of Josephson oscillations has been extracted from a selective detector response and IF noise voltage dependence. The measured excess noise can be attributed to shot noise and multiple Andreev reflection in pinholes with Ss'S structure. We observed small subharmonic steps in IV curve and noise dependencies, which are typical for SNS junctions.
Shapiro steps in the submillimeter-wave (SMMW) range were observed in junctions made of a high-T c superconductor, YBa2Cu3O x (YBaCuO), and niobium. Junctions were made by pressing a Nb needle on a sintered YBaCuO disk. Shapiro steps up to the fifth order were observed for SMMWs of wavelength 871.6 µm (frequency 344.0 GHz). The dependence of the Shapiro step width on the SMMW power is in accordance with the Bessel function dependence. For SMMWs of wavelength 570.6 µm (525.4 GHz), Shapiro steps up to the second order were observed.
The IV curves and the direct detector response of HTS bicrystal grain-boundary Josephson junctions have been measured under submm-wave irradiation at frequencies 350-750 GHz. The Josephson oscillation spectrum has been measured using the Hilbert transformation of detection response dependence. The Josephson oscillation linewidth and corresponding value of effective noise is compared to the estimates from the dc measurements of noise rounding of IV curve. To separate sources of noise the direct measurements of junction's output noise has been performed at 1.5 GHz and low frequencies 0.5-20 kHz.
We report the millimeter wave mixing properties of high-T c superconductor Josephson junction arrays using a waveguide-to-microstrip converter in the 100 GHz frequency range. The junction arrays consist of 3 weak links fabricated from EuBa2Cu3O7-δ thin films grown on an MgO bicrystal substrate. In these junction arrays, Shapiro steps are observed in the presence of 100 GHz irradiation at intervals of 3 times the fundamental step voltage. Millimeter wave mixing with an input local oscillator frequency of 99.142 GHz and an input signal frequency of 99.880 GHz is detected as the IF output at 738 MHz. The IF output power peaks at voltages corresponding to those of the dynamic resistance dV/ dI. A mixing conversion efficiency of -24.1 dB is obtained for a 3-junction array.