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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

Microwave Properties of Y1Ba2Cu3O7-x Step-Edge Josephson Junction Series Arrays

Shuichi Yoshikawa, Keiichi Yamaguchi, Kunihiko Hayashi, Katsumi Suzuki Katsumi Suzuki, Youichi Enomoto

Published Aug 1, 1996• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Effects on microwave detection of a series-connected Josephson junction array are examined. The series-connected 10 step-edge Josephson junctions (10-SEJJs) are fabricated by Y1Ba2Cu3O7- x thin films on MgO substrates. Their responsivities as microwave broad-band detectors are evaluated by constructing microstrip circuits for measuring transmission and return power. 948 V/W is obtained at 17 K. This value is several times greater than 139 V/W of a single SEJJ at 17 K. Additionally, the return power from 10-SEJJs is less than that from the single SEJJ, as the bias current or the temperature increases. The small return power is attributed to the increase in the normal resistance of the SEJJ.

DOI
10.1143/jjap.35.4307

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Effects on microwave detection of a series-connected Josephson junction array are examined. The series-connected 10 step-edge Josephson junctions (10-SEJJs) are fabricated by Y1Ba2Cu3O7- x thin films on MgO substrates. Their responsivities as microwave broad-band detectors are evaluated by constructing microstrip circuits for measuring transmission and return power. 948 V/W is obtained at 17 K. This value is several times greater than 139 V/W of a single SEJJ at 17 K. Additionally, the return power from 10-SEJJs is less than that from the single SEJJ, as the bias current or the temperature increases. The small return power is attributed to the increase in the normal resistance of the SEJJ.
Current-voltage characteristics and microwave mixing properties of step-edge microbridge Josephson junctions (SEJJs) made of YBaCuO thin films were systematically investigated. The step-edge was formed on the surface of a MgO(100) substrate employing the common photolithograph and wet-etching techniques. YBaCuO thin film was deposited by the off-axis sputtering method, and the microbridge junctions were fabricated so as to cross the step-edge. The SEJJs showed typical DC and AC characteristics which were explained by the resistively shunted junction (RSJ) model. Mixing experiments were carried out in the K-band microwave region. An intermediate frequency (IF) output with the frequency range of 20 MHz∼2.0 GHz was successfully obtained.
Current-voltage characteristics and microwave mixing properties of step-edge microbridge Josephson junctions (SEJJs) made of YBaCuO thin films were systematically investigated. The step-edge was formed on the surface of a MgO(100) substrate employing the common photolithograph and wet-etching techniques. YBaCuO thin film was deposited by the off-axis sputtering method, and the microbridge junctions were fabricated so as to cross the step-edge. The SEJJs showed typical DC and AC characteristics which were explained by the resistively shunted junction (RSJ) model. Mixing experiments were carried out in the K-band microwave region. An intermediate frequency (IF) output with the frequency range of 20 MHz~2.0 GHz was successfully obtained.
The conversion efficiency and minimum detection power of a step-edge microbridge Josephson junction mixer (SEJJ mixer) were evaluated for both fundamental mixing and harmonic mixing. The SEJJ was fabricated by a YBaCuO thin film and all of the circuits inside the mixer were made from microstrip line circuits in order to reduce the microwave propagation losses. The conversion efficiencies (η) were -31 dB, -46 dB and -53 dB for fundamental mixing, second harmonic mixing and third harmonic mixing, respectively. The dependence of η on the harmonic number (N) was expressed as η\proptN -4.6 for N≦3. The minimum detection power (MDP) of -60 dBm (1.0 nW) was obtained in fundamental mixing, with a linear dynamic range of more than 40 dB.
Microwave detector response ( eta ) for three types of superconducting structures-single edge-type Josephson junctions, arrays of series-connected junctions, and arrays of RF-series and DC parallel-connected junctions-were investigated in the frequency range 35-120 GHz. Experimental dependence of eta versus biasing voltage is mainly determined by the interaction of junctions in the array. The selective response, which means a narrow linewidth of Josephson radiation, is observed for the third type of superconducting structure in a small magnetic field changing the phase shift between closely-spaced junctions. These arrays have the advantage in coupling with the external microwave system.
A high temperature superconducting YBa2Cu3Oy array of five Josephson junctions designed with additional coupling lines has been developed to demonstrate the effects of frequency locking and impedance matching for applications such as oscillators, mixers, and detectors. The Josephson self-radiation power was directly detected by a superheterodyne receiver, and Shapiro steps were also measured. The Josephson self-radiation properties reveal good quality of phase locking and microwave coupling with external circuits. The maximum self-radiation power of our array is about 50 pW which is several ten times higher than that of a single Josephson junction, and its peak point exactly satisfies the Josephson current-voltage relation. The Shapiro-step measurements show that the behavior of current-voltage curve depends on the effective inductance of coupling lines which affects the total impedance of Josephson junction array and microwave coupling. The Josephson oscillation frequency was obtained up to about 880 GHz which is 73% of the maximum available frequency calculated from the characteristic voltage of the Josephson junctions. Experimental results show that this type of Josephson junction array can improve the Josephson self-radiation power and increase the maximum detectable frequency.
Millimeter-wave detection was investigated using a step-edge microbridge Josephson junction (SEJJ) fabricated by a sputter-deposited DyBaCuO thin film. The SEJJ exhibited a clear response to 110-GHz millimeter-wave irradiation, and Shapiro steps could be observed up to the seventh step. Harmonic mixing detection was successfully achieved using microwaves of 6 approximately 22 GHz as a local oscillation signal. The dependence of conversion efficiency ( eta ) on the harmonic number was expressed as eta varies as N/sup -3.3/. The detector was operative at temperatures up to 65 K, although the efficiency rapidly decreased above 50 K.>