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Chinese Optics Letters

Laser cooling of rubidium 85 atoms in integrating sphere

王旭成, 成华东, 肖玲, 郑本昌, 孟艳玲, Liu guo Liang, 王育竹

Published Jan 1, 2012• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

We cool 85Rb atoms in an integrating sphere directly from a vapor background using diffuse light generated by multiple reflections of laser beams in the inner surface of the integrating sphere. We compare and analyze the different features of cold 85Rb atoms and cold 87Rb atoms in diffuse light cooling, which are important in applying 85Rb and 87Rb isotopes in many experiments on testing fundamental physics.

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We cool 85Rb atoms in an integrating sphere directly from a vapor background using diffuse light generated by multiple reflections of laser beams in the inner surface of the integrating sphere. We compare and analyze the different features of cold 85Rb atoms and cold 87Rb atoms in diffuse light cooling, which are important in applying 85Rb and 87Rb isotopes in many experiments on testing fundamental physics.
In this paper we describe an experiment on laser cooling of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms directly from a vapor background in diffuse light. Diffuse light is produced in a ceramic integrating sphere by multiple scattering of two laser beams injected through multimode fibers. A probe beam, whose propagation direction is either horizontal or vertical, is used to detect cold atoms. We measured the absorption spectra of the cold atoms by scanning the frequency of the probe beam, and observed both the absorption signal and the time of flight signal after we switched off the cooling light, from which we estimated the temperature and the number of cold atoms. This method is clearly attractive for building a compact cold atom clock.
In this paper, the theory of atomic cooling in an integrating sphere is studied. During designing an integrating sphere system, the effects of the parameters of the sphere on the cooling, including the reflectivity of the material, the shape of the sphere and holes in the sphere have been considered carefully. The experiment of 87Rb atomic cooling in an integrating sphere was performed. The experimental results show that the atoms in the integrating sphere are cooled down evidently. And the relation between the detuning of the cooling laser and the absorption signal of cold atoms was measured.
Cold 87Rb atom's loading in an integrating sphere with diffuse light is analyzed theoretically and experimentally. The experimental results show that diffuse light cooling has the greatest efficiency to cool the most atoms when the red detuning between the frequencies of cooling light and atom transition is about 3.3\Γ (Γ is the natural linewidth, 6.065 MHz). Theoretical analysis using rate equation and numerical calculations on the cold atom number and loading time agree with the experimental results. This integrating sphere cooling would be a novel method for cooling atoms and lead to a new and robust cold atom source for atomic clock.
We demonstrate experimentally the generation of one-dimensional cold gases of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms by diffuse laser cooling. A horizontal slender vacuum glass tube with a length of 105 cm and diameter of 2 cm is used in our experiment. The diffuse laser light inside the tube, which is generated by multireflection of injected lasers, cools the background vapor atoms. With 250 mW of cooling light and 50 mW of repumping light, an evenly distributed 1-m-long profile of cold atom cloud is obtained. We observe a factor 4 improvement in the atomic optical density for a typical cooling duration of 170 ms and a sub-Doppler atomic temperature of 25 $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$. The central number of detected cold atoms remains constant for a free-fall duration of 30 ms. Such samples are ideal for many quantum optical experiments involving electromagnetically induced transparency, electronically highly excited (Rydberg) atoms, and quantum precision measurements.