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Chinese Optics Letters

Laser cooling of rubidium 85 atoms in integrating sphere

Xucheng Wang Xucheng Wang, Hua-Dong Cheng, Ling Xiao, Ben-Chang Zheng, Yan-Ling Meng, Liang Liu Liang Liu, Yuzhu Wang Yuzhu Wang

Published Jan 1, 2012• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We cool 85 Rb atoms in an integrating sphere directly from a vapor background using diffuse light generated by multiple reflections of laser beams in the inner surface of the integrating sphere.We compare and analyze the different features of cold 85 Rb atoms and cold 87 Rb atoms in diffuse light cooling, which are important in applying 85 Rb and 87 Rb isotopes in many experiments on testing fundamental physics.

DOI
10.3788/col201210.080201

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We cool 85 Rb atoms in an integrating sphere directly from a vapor background using diffuse light generated by multiple reflections of laser beams in the inner surface of the integrating sphere.We compare and analyze the different features of cold 85 Rb atoms and cold 87 Rb atoms in diffuse light cooling, which are important in applying 85 Rb and 87 Rb isotopes in many experiments on testing fundamental physics.
In this paper we describe an experiment on laser cooling of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms directly from a vapor background in diffuse light. Diffuse light is produced in a ceramic integrating sphere by multiple scattering of two laser beams injected through multimode fibers. A probe beam, whose propagation direction is either horizontal or vertical, is used to detect cold atoms. We measured the absorption spectra of the cold atoms by scanning the frequency of the probe beam, and observed both the absorption signal and the time of flight signal after we switched off the cooling light, from which we estimated the temperature and the number of cold atoms. This method is clearly attractive for building a compact cold atom clock.
Cold 87 Rb atom's loading in an integrating sphere with diffuse light is analyzed theoretically and experimentally.The experimental results show that diffuse light cooling has the greatest efficiency to cool the most atoms when the red detuning between the frequencies of cooling light and atom transition is about 3.3Γ (Γ is the natural linewidth, 6.065 MHz).Theoretical analysis using rate equation and numerical calculations on the cold atom number and loading time agree with the experimental results.This integrating sphere cooling would be a novel method for cooling atoms and lead to a new and robust cold atom source for atomic clock.
In this paper, the theory of atomic cooling in an integrating sphere is studied. During designing an integrating sphere system, the effects of the parameters of the sphere on the cooling, including the reflectivity of the material, the shape of the sphere and holes in the sphere have been considered carefully. The experiment of 87Rb atomic cooling in an integrating sphere was performed. The experimental results show that the atoms in the integrating sphere are cooled down evidently. And the relation between the detuning of the cooling laser and the absorption signal of cold atoms was measured.
In this paper we describe an experiment of efficient cooling of 87^{87}87Rb atoms in two-frequency diffuse laser lights. Compared with single frequency diffuse light, two-frequency diffuse lights have wider velocity capture range and thus can cool more atoms. In our experiment, the maximum number of cooled atoms can reach up to 3.9×1093.9\times10^93.9×109. Such a result is quite useful in building a compact cold atom clock.