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Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements

Frequency stabilization of a diode laser using the Zeeman shift of saturated absorption spectra of the /sup 87/Rb atom

Ho Seong Lee, Sang Eon Park, Sung Hoon Yang

Published Dec 17, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Saturated absorption spectra of the /sup 87/Rb atom under the magnetic field of several tens of gauss were observed with a diode laser oscillating at 780 nm, and Zeeman splittings of the 5/sup 2/P/sub 3/2/ excited state of the atom were numerically calculated to obtain the spectra theoretically. Both of the spectra agreed well, and a Zeeman-shifted absorption line was used for the frequency stabilization of the diode laser.>

DOI
10.1109/cpem.1994.333379

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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics•Sep 1, 2005•13 citations
Saturated absorption spectra of the /sup 87/Rb atom under the magnetic field of several tens of gauss were observed with a diode laser oscillating at 780 nm, and Zeeman splittings of the 5/sup 2/P/sub 3/2/ excited state of the atom were numerically calculated to obtain the spectra theoretically. Both of the spectra agreed well, and a Zeeman-shifted absorption line was used for the frequency stabilization of the diode laser.>
We observed saturated absorption spectra of the 87Rb atom under a magnetic field of several millitesla with a diode laser oscillating at 780 nm. The spectra were compared with the theoretical ones obtained on the basis of Nakayama's four-level model. We numerically computed Zeeman splittings of the 52 P 3/2 excited state of the atom. As the magnetic field increased to 5 mT, the absorption peak of the F=2→F'=3 transition shifted almost linearly up to about 62 MHz. The shift direction was reversed by changing the polarization combination of the pump and probe lasers. The measured frequency stability, when the laser was locked at the absorption peak, was better than σy(τ)= 1 ×10-11τ-1/2 for the sampling time of 0.01 s≤τ≤10 s.
Zeeman split takes place for the hyperfine level structure of neutral atoms where magnetic field exists. In addition, being excited by right circularly polarized light and left circularly polarized light, atoms obey different transition rules. So, the absorption peak between the hyperfine Zeeman level shifts with respect to the absorption peak without magnetic field. Accordingly, the authors demonstrated a kind of simple and flexible method to stabilize the frequency of diode laser. The linewidth of diode laser was reduced to less than 1 MHz using this method. Through analyzing the experiment results, the authors found that when the sum of both shifts of the hyperfine level of atoms excited by right circularly polarized light and left circularly polarized light was equal to the FWHM (Full Width at Half Maximum) of the saturated absorption peak, the laser frequency was stabilized best.
Recently a new type of spectroscopy using Zeeman shift has been developed, which aims for a large recapture range by making a dispersive-like signal obtained from the subtraction of two different circularly polarized Doppler-broadened absorption signals in the presence of a magnetic field (order of 100 G). We would like to propose another method for stabilizing a diode laser frequency onto an atomic frequency with a small tunable range in the presence of small longitudinal magnetic field (order of Gauss). A solid state diode laser is preferred as it is a good light source. Our technique has the advantages of cancellation of frequency fluctuation over side-locking and no need for phase-sensitive detection and frequency modulation over peak-locking. A subtracted SAS signal and the blocking signal are displayed on one photodiode.
We report the frequency stabilization of a diode laser by applying the dichroic-atomic-vapor laser lock (DAVLL) method to a thin Rb vapor cell. A 1-mm-long Rb vapor cell is used to obtain a sub-Doppler spectrum that is required for frequency locking, which is easier than in the case of using a saturated absorption spectrometer. A 794-nm diode laser is tuned to the Rb D 1 line, and sub-Doppler signals are observed by introducing a pumping beam and a probe beam in a perpendicular direction. We obtain error signals by subtracting the signals of σ+ polarized beams from that of σ- polarized beams in the presence of a magnetic field and stabilized the 794 nm diode laser frequency without modulating laser parameters. The stability of the 794-nm diode laser is evaluated using other independently stabilized diode laser.