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Chinese Physics Letters

Highly-Excited Double Rydberg States of Ytterbium

Xiang-Yuan Xu, Wen Tao Huang, Chengbin Xu, Meng Xue, Dieyan Chen

Published Jul 1, 1994• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

By using five-laser resonance excitation in combination with a new detection method, the highly-excited double Rydberg states NLn'l ( N ⩾ 40, N / n' ⩾ 0.5 and L , l < 4) of Yb have been observed. The relative excitation strengths between the Δ l allowed and forbidden core transitions can be quantitatively measured. Analysis of the spectra has revealed the strong electronic correlation in such highly excited states.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/11/7/004

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By using five-laser resonance excitation in combination with a new detection method, the highly-excited double Rydberg states NLn'l ( N ⩾ 40, N / n' ⩾ 0.5 and L , l < 4) of Yb have been observed. The relative excitation strengths between the Δ l allowed and forbidden core transitions can be quantitatively measured. Analysis of the spectra has revealed the strong electronic correlation in such highly excited states.
Using five-laser resonance excitation in combination with a method of sequential ionization by a pulsed and a constant electric field, we have observed the nearly pure spectra (the ion resonance background was greatly suppressed) for the highly excited double Rydberg states NLn'l (N\ensuremath{\gtrsim}40, N/n'\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.5 and L,l4) of ytterbium in which the mutual penetration of the two excited wave functions is remarkable. Analysis of the spectra (relative cross section for different L states) has revealed the importance of the ``hybridization'' in the excited electron orbits which arises from the correlation of the two electrons in such highly excited states.
In the study of Yb atomic Rydberg states, new members of 6sns 1 S 0 series for n=23, 24, 66-116 and 6snd 1 D 2 series for n=81-114 were observed. The data are in excellent agreement with the MQDT analysing results. The autoionizing Rydberg series 6p 1 2 /n's ( 1/2 , 1/2 ) 1 0 were investigated by three-step laser excitation. The ICE model was used to explain the experimental spectrum, and it has been proved to be suitable for describing the excitation of the autoionizing Rydberg states with a weakly-excited core.
High Rydberg levels of ytterbium were studied in a beam of metastable atoms. Levels of the series 4f14^{14}14 6snsnsnd were populated from the metastable 4f14^{14}14 6s 6p 3^33Po_oo​ level by means of the U.V. light of a frequency-doubled single-mode dye laser and detected using the field ionization technique. The critical ionization fields FcF_cFc​ of the levels 4f14^{14}14 6snsnsnd 3^33D1_11​ (24 ≤ n ≤ 57) were measured and found to obey the saddle point law (FcF_cFc​ = (16 n∗4n^{*4}n∗4)−1^{-1}−1). The hyperfine structures of the odd isotopes were investigated. They are very peculiar due to the fact that the hyperfine interaction is of the same order of magnitude as (or even for the highest nnn values, much more important than) the spin-orbit and electrostatic interactions. A theoretical account of the observed structures using the Slater-Condon parametric method is given. The relative influence of the excited (nnnd) and of the non-excited (6s) optical electron could thus be studied. Furthermore the influence of a valence level perturbing only the odd isotopes components for nnn = 26 was demonstrated.
Abstract In this work, we present a comprehensive experimental investigation of the isotope dependence of the binding energies of S - and D -Rydberg states in ytterbium. Using two-photon excitation via the intermediate 6 s 6 p 1 P 1 state in a magneto-optical trap, we measured excitation energies for the bosonic isotopes 172 Yb, 174 Yb, and 176 Yb, as well as for the fermionic isotopes 171 Yb ( I = 1 / 2 ) and 173 Yb ( I = 5 / 2 ), covering principal quantum numbers in the range 35 ⩽ n ⩽ 80 . For the bosonic isotopes, the isotope shifts are found to be independent of n , consistent with a single-channel quantum defect model. For 171 Yb, our results confirm previous high-precision measurements and multi-channel quantum defect modeling reported by Peper et al (2025), while for 173 Yb we provide the first detailed Rydberg spectra, revealing a complex level structure consistent with strong hyperfine-induced channel mixing and clear