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Optics and Spectroscopy

Photoemission statistics in resonance fluorescence of an atom with degenerate levels

L. V. Il’ichev

Published Jul 1, 2005• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The problem of the statistics of photoemission events in a specified direction and with a given polarization is solved for a resonantly fluorescing atom with degenerate levels. The degeneracy of the levels is taken into account within the semiclassical approach to the description of the atomic angular momentum. Relationships for the probability distribution of photoemission events in a specified solid angle and with a given helicity are derived for all components of the resonance fluorescence triplet. The results obtained make it possible to elucidate the influence of the polarization of a pump field on the statistics and correlations of photoemission events of different types.

DOI
10.1134/1.1999898

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The problem of the statistics of photoemission events in a specified direction and with a given polarization is solved for a resonantly fluorescing atom with degenerate levels. The degeneracy of the levels is taken into account within the semiclassical approach to the description of the atomic angular momentum. Relationships for the probability distribution of photoemission events in a specified solid angle and with a given helicity are derived for all components of the resonance fluorescence triplet. The results obtained make it possible to elucidate the influence of the polarization of a pump field on the statistics and correlations of photoemission events of different types.
Statistics of photoemission events into the components of a triplet of resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom in a classical optical field, the phase of which changes by π upon the detection of spontaneous photon, is compared with the case when the feedback is absent. In contrast to the known problem on the statistics of resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom, a grouping of photocounts should be observed in each separate side component of the triplet. Anticorrelation of photoemission into side components is also predicted, and the type of correlations between the emission into the central component of the triplet and into any of the side ones can be controlled by varying the detuning of the radiation frequency from the resonant value.
The resonance fluorescence spectra of a degenerate three-level atom of the V -type in the field of an intense monochromatic wave with an arbitrary polarization composition are investigated. Analytical expressions are derived for the resonance fluorescence spectra, and the angular distribution of spontaneous fluorescence of atoms is analyzed for the D -line emitted by vapors of alkali atoms. It is shown that the number of lines in the spectrum may decrease in the case of the linear polarization of spontaneous radiation. The radiation relaxation operator is obtained for the D -line of alkali metals in the case when an atom is near the metal surface. Interference effects for such systems are analyzed.
A model of the formation of recoil-induced resonances accompanying the interaction of an ensemble of slow atoms with a pair of plane light waves with different polarizations is constructed in the framework of the semiclassical approach to the description of the angular momentum of atoms. The approach used reduces the problem to the description of the resonances in the effective model of atoms with nondegenerate levels. The resonance amplitudes exhibit a strong dependence on the type of model used (with or without the inclusion of the degeneration of levels) and on the polarization of light waves. At the same time, the shape of the resonances that is normalized to unit amplitude from which the velocity distribution of atoms can be reconstructed is much less sensitive to the model type.
A theoretical analysis of the resonance fluorescence of a two‐level atom in a classical monochromatic field with feedback phase switching depending on the fluorescence triplet component which the last spontaneously emitted photon belongs to is presented. The considered feedback loop is a hybrid quantum‐classical system. Statistics of photoemissions into the triplet components is investigated as well as correlations between the components. In contrast to the well‐known resonance fluorescence of a two‐level atom without feedback phase switching, a bunching of photocounts is predicted in each side‐band, and successive photoemissions into different side‐bands manifest antibunching. The type of the statistics can efficiently be controlled by the frequency detuning of the external field. In many points the considered feedback scheme provides drastically different statistical features of fluorescence when compared with the scheme of frequency‐unselective feedback phase switching. image
Resonance fluorescence due to intense laser fields from a Zeeman degenerate atom being perturbed by collisional interactions is calculated in the impact regime by using the quantum-fluctuation-regression theorem. Various interesting effects are found. For example, the scattered intensity spectrum for a J=0J=0J=0 to J=1J=1J=1 transition for polarization parallel to the laser polarization is essentially an asymmetric triplet, whereas for a perpendicular polarization due to collisions the spectrum is essentially a doublet (whose frequencies do not correspond with any of those of the triplet). Further, the width of the fluorescent component (whose frequency is close to the unperturbed frequency) actually decreases with increasing laser power.
Equations are derived for the atomic density matrix and relaxation operator for a broadband squeezed field in an arbitrary polarization state and resonance atomic energy levels with an arbitrary degree of degeneracy. It is shown that suppression of the relaxation of the quadrature component of the atomic polarization depends strongly on the type of resonance transition and the polarization state of the squeezed and coherent perturbing fields. When the resonance levels are strongly degenerate, the relaxation of the quadrature component of the atomic polarization under conditions of maximum suppression is nonexponential in character. The mathematical apparatus developed here makes it possible to calculate polarization-related aspects of the multifrequency optical behavior of atomic and molecular systems resonantly excited both by coherent light and by broadband squeezed fields.