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Annalen der Physik

Peculiarities of resonance fluorescence statistics for a two‐level atom in frequency selective feedback loop

V. A. Tomilin, Leonid V. Il'ichov

Published Aug 8, 2014• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A theoretical analysis of the resonance fluorescence of a two‐level atom in a classical monochromatic field with feedback phase switching depending on the fluorescence triplet component which the last spontaneously emitted photon belongs to is presented. The considered feedback loop is a hybrid quantum‐classical system. Statistics of photoemissions into the triplet components is investigated as well as correlations between the components. In contrast to the well‐known resonance fluorescence of a two‐level atom without feedback phase switching, a bunching of photocounts is predicted in each side‐band, and successive photoemissions into different side‐bands manifest antibunching. The type of the statistics can efficiently be controlled by the frequency detuning of the external field. In many points the considered feedback scheme provides drastically different statistical features of fluorescence when compared with the scheme of frequency‐unselective feedback phase switching. image

DOI
10.1002/andp.201400104

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A theoretical analysis of the resonance fluorescence of a two‐level atom in a classical monochromatic field with feedback phase switching depending on the fluorescence triplet component which the last spontaneously emitted photon belongs to is presented. The considered feedback loop is a hybrid quantum‐classical system. Statistics of photoemissions into the triplet components is investigated as well as correlations between the components. In contrast to the well‐known resonance fluorescence of a two‐level atom without feedback phase switching, a bunching of photocounts is predicted in each side‐band, and successive photoemissions into different side‐bands manifest antibunching. The type of the statistics can efficiently be controlled by the frequency detuning of the external field. In many points the considered feedback scheme provides drastically different statistical features of fluorescence when compared with the scheme of frequency‐unselective feedback phase switching. image
Statistics of photoemission events into the components of a triplet of resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom in a classical optical field, the phase of which changes by π upon the detection of spontaneous photon, is compared with the case when the feedback is absent. In contrast to the known problem on the statistics of resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom, a grouping of photocounts should be observed in each separate side component of the triplet. Anticorrelation of photoemission into side components is also predicted, and the type of correlations between the emission into the central component of the triplet and into any of the side ones can be controlled by varying the detuning of the radiation frequency from the resonant value.
The statistics of photoemission events of a pair of closely spaced two-level atoms is calculated in a classical light field whose phase is changed by π after the detection of each spontaneous photon. This statistics is compared with the statistics in the case when the feedback is missing. In both cases, one can observe noticeable antibunching of photons in the range of parameters where no antibunching is observed in a single-atom system. The feedback substantially increases the antibunching. This effect manifests itself more strongly in relatively weak fields and for considerable frequency detunings.
The resonance fluorescence spectrum of a two-level atom in a classical light field, whose phase is changed by a feedback system by π after the detection of each spontaneous photon, has been calculated. The spectrum resembles the well-known Rautian-Mollow triplet. However, the sidebands become sharply asymmetric at a nonzero frequency detuning of the light field from the atomic resonance transition. In addition, the spectrum retains the pronounced triplet shape even beyond the secular approximation, when the sidebands of the Rautian-Mollow structure become unresolved in the absence of the feedback.
Abstract Frequency-resolved photon statistics of resonance fluorescence generated from a two-level system driven by a strong laser field and a weak laser field with equal frequencies are studied. The frequency resolution of fluorescent radiation is described by quantum filtering dynamics, which is simulated theoretically by two single-mode quantum optical cavities with tunable frequencies to scan the incident fluorescent radiation. By calculating the two-photon intensity–intensity correlation functions in terms of the cavity modes, we demonstrate that two-color strong correlations of resonance fluorescence can be generated not only between the opposite sidebands, but also between the central band and one of the sidebands: although both sidebands are broadened due to the perturbation of the weak laser field on the strong-field dressed atom. We emphasize that these properties are in contrast to the conventional case of the standard single-atom Mollow triplet. Moreover, if the resonance frequencies of the two filtering cavities are tuned appropriately, broadband two-color strong correlations are predicted, and the physical origin is revealed from the perspective of quantum interference of photon emission dynamics. This can be considered as a feasible scheme for the design of broadband non-classical light sources, and may be beneficial to the quantum precise detection of atomic and molecular dynamics via quantum optical spectroscopy.
The problem of the statistics of photoemission events in a specified direction and with a given polarization is solved for a resonantly fluorescing atom with degenerate levels. The degeneracy of the levels is taken into account within the semiclassical approach to the description of the atomic angular momentum. Relationships for the probability distribution of photoemission events in a specified solid angle and with a given helicity are derived for all components of the resonance fluorescence triplet. The results obtained make it possible to elucidate the influence of the polarization of a pump field on the statistics and correlations of photoemission events of different types.
The phenomenon of resonance fluorescence provides an interesting manifestation of the quantum theory of light and is a “real world” application of the material of the Chapters 8 and 9. In this process, a two-level atom is typically driven by a resonant continuous-wave laser field and the spectral and quantum statistical properties of the fluorescent light emitted by the atom are measured. Experimentally this can be achieved by scattering a laser off a collimated atomic beam such that the directions of the laser beam, atomic beam, and detector axis are mutually perpendicular as shown in Fig. 10.1. If the driving field is monochromatic, then at low excitation intensity the atom absorbs a photon at the excitation frequency and reemits it at the same frequency as a consequence of conservation of energy. The spectral width of the fluorescent light is therefore very narrow. The situation, however, is considerably more complicated when the excitation intensity increases and the Rabi frequency associated with the driving field becomes comparable to, or larger than, the atomic linewidth. At such intensity levels, the Rabi oscillations show up as a modulation of the quantum dipole moment and sidebands start emerging in the spectrum of the emitted radiation. This so-called dynamic Stark splitting is an interesting feature of the atom–field interaction. In addition to that, the fluorescent light exhibits certain nonclassical properties including photon antibunching and squeezing. In this chapter, we develop a theory of resonance fluorescence to explain these phenomena.