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Laser Physics Letters

On the polarization properties of the micromaser pumped by the atoms with degenerate levels

Решетов Владимир Александрович, Igor V. Yevseyev

Published Feb 7, 2004• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The polarization properties of the micromaser field pumped by the atoms with the resonant levels, which are degenerate in the projections of the total angular momentum on the quantization axis, are studied numerically. The standard micromaser operation, when the atoms enter the cavity excited to the upper resonant level, and the micromaser operation under the coherent pump, when the atoms enter the cavity in a superposition of resonant atomic levels, are considered. The treatment is based on the master equation for the density matrix of the micromaser field, which takes into account the degeneracy of atomic levels.

DOI
10.1002/lapl.200310035

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The polarization properties of the micromaser field pumped by the atoms with the resonant levels, which are degenerate in the projections of the total angular momentum on the quantization axis, are studied numerically. The standard micromaser operation, when the atoms enter the cavity excited to the upper resonant level, and the micromaser operation under the coherent pump, when the atoms enter the cavity in a superposition of resonant atomic levels, are considered. The treatment is based on the master equation for the density matrix of the micromaser field, which takes into account the degeneracy of atomic levels.
The polarization properties of one-atom maser pumped by the coherent field via Raman transitions are studied theoretically. The three-level Λ-type atoms with degenerate Rydberg levels E b < E a < E c enter the micromaser cavity being excited to the lower level E b . The coherent microwave field drives the transition b → c , while the maser transition a → c is coupled to the cavity quantum field. The dependence of the maser field parameters, such as the mean photon number and the variance, as well as of the correlation functions of the atoms, emerging from the cavity, versus the angle ψ between the polarizations of the maser and driving fields are investigated. The case of transitions J b = 3/2 → J c = 3/2 and J a = 5/2 → J c = 3/2 in the rubidium atoms, which are exploited in micromaser experiments (see, e.g., the review [1]), is analyzed numerically. The possibility of monitoring the state of the maser field by means of driving field polarization is discussed.
The Jaynes-Cummings model describing the interaction of a single linearly- polarized mode of the quantized electromagnetic field with an isolated two- level atom is generalized to the case of atomic levels degenerate in the projections of the angular momenta on the quantization axis, which is a usual case in the experiments. This generalization, like the original model, obtains the explicit solution. The model is applied to calculate the dependence of the atomic level populations on the angle between the polarization of cavity field mode and that of the laser excitation pulse in the experiment with one-atom micromaser.
The parameters of the micromaser field in experiments are measured by means of detection of the state of the atoms emerging from the cavity. The employment of the atoms with degenerate levels makes it possible to obtain more information about the micromaser field than in the case of two-level atoms. A way to obtain such information recorded in various Zeeman sublevels of resonant atomic levels is suggested in the present paper. This information is provided by the average quantities , where θμ are Rabi angles related to the transitions between corresponding Zeeman sublevels. At small values of the pump parameter the combinations of these quantities Fμν = zμμzνν−zμν2 are proportional to the Fano factor of the micromaser field. The examples of atomic transitions with the angular momentum changes and are considered.
The operation of one atom-maser is considered under the conditions, when the atoms enter the cavity being excited to the state, which is the mixture of Zeeman sublevels of both the upper and lower resonant atomic levels. The analytic expression for the steady state photon distribution in the cavity under such conditions is obtained. It is shown, that the micromaser parameters, such as the atomic flux and velocity of atoms, the portion of atoms at the lower maser level, the polarizations of laser excitation fields may be chosen in such a way as to obtain the sharp maximum of photon distribution function at a given number of photons, providing the possibility of creation of pure Fock states.
Abstract The master equation for the atom-field system with degenerate atomic levels and two polarization modes of the quantized field in a damped micro-cavity is obtained in the basis of eigenvectors of the interaction operator. The solution for the lossless cavity is obtained. The analytic expressions for the probability of emission of the photon in the cavity by an excited atom and of the photon polarization matrix are derived in the ‘strong coupling’ and ‘bad cavity’ approximations for arbitrary values of angular momenta of atomic levels. The dependence of the photon polarization on the polarization of the short excitation pulse is studied.
We describe the dynamics of a micromaser pumped by atoms in superposition states and driven by a resonant coherent field. By a quantum jump approach to the master equation solution, we show how the coherences excited in the cavity mode affect the nonclassical steady-state behaviour of the system, in a way that depends on the relative phase between the polarized atoms and the driving field. Both the mean photon number and the phase of the cavity field can be controlled via the atomic transit time and pump rate, or the driving field intensity. The predicted coherence and phase competition effects can show up in the statistics of the populations of outgoing atoms.